1. As the Anthropology Today feature in this chapter describes, scientists disagree about when, where, and how early anatomically modern humans achieved behavioral modernity—relying on symbolic thought, elaborating cultural creativity, and as a result becoming fully human in behavior as well as in anatomy. Visit the following links to learn more about some of the evidence set forth to try to answer this question.
To learn about the Cave of Lascaux, visit http://www.culture.gouv.fr:80/culture/arcnat/lascaux/en/. To learn more about anthropologist Richard Klein, a leading advocate for the idea that human creativity dawned suddenly mostly due to a genetic mutation, visit http://news.stanford.edu/news/2003/february26/aaasklein-226.html. To learn about the findings at South Africa's Blombos Cave, visit http://www.svf.uib.no/sfu/blombos/. To learn about the research of archaeologist Randall White and others, visit the site of the Center for the Study of Human Origins at New York University (http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/anthro/programs/csho/index.html).
2. What is culture? How we define it matters. It matters, for example, for people who are trying to defend their cultural rights. Visit http://www.wsu.edu/gened/learn-modules/top_culture/culture-index.html to learn more about the many definitions of culture.
What is common about the definitions you read about in this site? What varies?
Can you think of some real-life consequences that follow from how culture is define?
Make sure to think about the concepts of ethnocentrism and cultural relativism when addressing these questions.
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