1. Ancient Times: Greece, Rome, and Christianity

1. The Greek World
• [Maps Ancient Greece]
• [Primary Source Thucydides, Pericles' Funeral Oration]
• [Primary Source Description of Corinth]
• [Primary Source Aristotle, Description of Sparta]
• [Primary Source Plato, Republic]
• [Primary Source Herodotus, History]
• [Primary Source Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War]
• [Primary Source Aristotle, The Athenian Constitution]
• [Map Hellenistic world, 310 BC]
• [Image Ptolemaic Solar System]

2. The Roman World
• [Primary Source Roman Army]
• [Roman Army]

3. The Coming of Christianity
• [Primary Source Josephus on Jesus]
• [Primary Source Pliny on the Christians]
• [Primary Source Constantine]
• [Primary Source Augustine, City of God]

2. The Early Middle Ages: The Formation of Europe

1. The Disintegration of the Roman Empire
• [Primary Source Goths]
• [Primary Source Attila the Hun]
• [Image Mosque, Umayyad Damascus]
• [Primary Source Beowulf]
• [Primary Source Alaric's Sack of Rome, 410]

2. The Byzantine World, Arabic World, and the West about 700
• [Primary Source Germanic law code]
• [Map Europe c. 526]

3. The Church and the Rise of the Papacy
• [Image Bishop]
• [Primary Source On Papal Elections]

4. The Empire of Charlemagne, 800-814
• [Primary Source Charlemagne]
• [Primary Source Carolingians]
• [Primary Source Monetary Regulations of the Carolingians]

5. Ninth-Century Invasions; Europe by 1000
• [Primary Source Norsemen]
• [Map Movement of Hungarians into Europe]
• [Primary Source Moscow as the Third Rome]

3. The High Middle Ages: Secular Civilization

1. Agriculture and the Feudal System after 1000
• [Image Medieval German town]
• [Image Windmill]
• [Image Water mill]
• [Image Village in Winter]
• [Primary Source Manorial Management and Organization, c. 1275]
• [Primary Source Fief Ceremonies]
• [Primary Source Feudal Oaths of Fidelity]
• [Primary Source Election of Hugh Capet]
• [Primary Source Manor]

2. The Rise of Towns and Commerce
• [Primary Source Long-distance trading]
• [Primary Source Venetian Doges]
• [Primary Source Great Fair at Thessalonica]
• [Primary Source Merchant guild]
• [Primary Source Apprenticeship Agreements, c. 1250]

3. The Growth of National Monarchies
• [Primary Source Magna Carta]
• [Primary Source Summons to Parliaments]
• [Primary Source Parliament of 1376]

4. The High Middle Ages: The Church

• [Virtual Tour Amiens Cathedral]
• [Image Priest celebrating Mass]
• [Image Bishop marrying couple]

1. The Development of the Medieval Church and Papacy
• [Map Holy Roman Empire, 962]
• [Primary Source Foundation Charter of Cluny, 910]
• [Primary Source Lay investiture]
• [Primary Source Albigensians]
• [Image Trial by battle]

2. Intellectual Life: The Universities, Scholasticism
• [Primary Source Aquinas, Summa]
• [Primary Source Scholastic philosophy: Anselm on God's]

3. The Crusades; New Invasions; Europe by 1300
• [Primary Source The Crusades]
• [Map Map of Reconquista]
• [Primary Source Marco Polo]