97. Trials and Adjustments of Democracy in Britain and France

1. British Politics: The 1920s and the Depression

2. Unemployment "dole"

3. coal-mining industry
• [Image Coal Mine]

4. 1918 Labour committed to a program of socialism

5. Election of May 1929 Unemployment to 3 million

6. National government Election of 1931
• [Image Pamphlet on unemployment crisis ]

7. Britain and the Commonwealth: Imperial Relations
• [Primary Source British Mandate for Palestine]
• Ireland--Rebellion against the British in 1916 Sinn Fein
• [Primary Source Constitution of the Irish Free State, 1922]
• [Primary Source Statute of Westminster of 1931]

8. France: The 1920s and the Coming of the Depression
• [Image Edouard Herriot
• [Image Raymond Poincare]

9. Depression Ferment and the Popular Front
• [Image Stavisky Riots of February 1934
• Popular Front
• [Primary Source Leon BlumPopular Front ]

10. The Popular Front and After
• Nationwide wave of "sit-down strikes"
• Enormous growth in trade union membership
• [Image Edouard Daladier]
• Unsuccessful general strike in 1938

11. Western Europe and the Depression

98. Italian Fascism

• [Primary Source Benito Mussolini, What is Fascism, 1932]

1. Mussolini was named premier
• [Image Cartoon associating Mussolini with murder of Matteotti]
• [Image] Lateran accord in 1929
• [Image] Poster, Confederazione Nazionale Fascista degli Agricoltori, 1934
• [Image] Fascism as national revival

99. Totalitarianism: Germany's Third Reich

1. The Rise of Adolf Hitler
• [Image Adolf Hitler]
• [Image Hitler as German soldier in WWI ]

2. In German army WW1
• [Image National Socialist German Workers' party]
• [Image Free corps, Berlin 1920]
• [Image Kapp putsch of 1920]
• [Image Walter Rathenau]
• [Image Matthias Erzberger]
• [Image Beer hall putsch in Munich, 1923]
• [Image Mein Kampf]
• [Image General Ludendorff]
• [Image German unemployment chart]
• [Primary Source Hitler's anti-Semitism]
• [Image Franz von Papen]
• [Image General Kurt von Schleicher]
• [Image Hitler's First Cabinet]
• [Primary Source Bruno Heilig, Why the German Republic Fell, 1938]

3. The Nazi State
4. [Image Youth Serves the Fuhrer]

4. Public works program
• [Image Autobahn]
• [Image Rearmament program: Battleship Scharnhorst]
• [Image Poster, Your Strength Through Joy car]

5. Totalitarianism: Some Origins and Consequences
• [Primary Source Hymn to Stalin]
• [Primary Source Oath to Adolf Hitler]
• [Primary Source Joseph Goebbels, Knowledge and Propaganda, 1928]
• [Primary Source Joseph Goebbels, The Jew]
• [Images Anti-Semitic caricatures from Der Sturmer, 1928-1931]
• [Image Nazi appeal to violence]
• [Image Investiture of Reich Church Bishop, 1933]
• [Primary Source Barmen Declaration, 1934]
• [Image Poster, Hitler Youth]
• [Image Hitler Youth weapons training]
• [Image Nazi athletics]
• [Primary Source Order Authorizing Involuntary Euthanasia, October 1939]
• [Primary Source Cardinal Clemens von Galen, Sermon against Nazi euthanasia, 1941]

6. The Spread of Dictatorship