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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
According to Freud, the _______________ operates according to the reality principle.
A)pre-conscious
B)superego
C)id
D)ego
2
Freud suggested that people use _________________ to protect themselves from anxiety.
A)the superego
B)the id
C)defence mechanisms
D)psychic energy
3
According to Freud, the __________ stage contributes to the development of gender identity.
A)latency
B)phallic
C)anal
D)oral
4
Which of the following is a potential weakness of Freud's theory?
A)It places too much emphasis on infant sexuality.
B)It fails to include a moral arm of personality.
C)Freud used experimental analysis to develop his theories rather than relying on case studies.
D)In developing his theory, Freud took only adult development into consideration.
5
The notion of a collective unconscious is most associated with the writings of
A)Erik Erikson.
B)Carl Jung.
C)Sigmund Freud.
D)Alfred Adler.
6
Stacey's parents demonstrate love towards her when she behaves in a way they approve of but not when she behaves in a way that they disapprove of. Her parents' behaviour can best be described as
A)unconditional positive regard.
B)conditional positive regard.
C)likely to lead Stacey to achieving self-actualisation.
D)leading to a healthy development of her self-concept.
7
Manvinder feels free to be himself. He is unconcerned with the expectations others have for him and does not have a rigid self-concept. Rogers would likely conclude that Manvinder
A)is a fully functioning person.
B)should be more concerned with the expectations of others.
C)will have a difficult time behaving spontaneously and creatively.
D)is maladjusted.
8
The factor analytic approach to personality can best be described as
A)an approach that has very little research support.
B)a method for uncovering unconscious causes of behaviour in a particular cluster.
C)emphasising the importance of unconditional positive regard within a cluster.
D)a method for identifying clusters of behaviours that are highly correlated with one another, but not with behaviours in other clusters.
9
The Five Factor Model identifies five traits that may be universal to the human species. These traits are
A)openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism.
B)openness, conscientiousness, excitability, aggressiveness and neuroticism.
C)openness, conscientiousness, enticeability, agreeableness and neuroticism.
D)aggressiveness, introversion, neuroticism, consideration and openness.
10
The notion that people have a tendency to gain and maintain a positive self image is known as
A)self-esteem.
B)self-efficacy.
C)self-enhancement.
D)self-verification.
11
Eysenck proposed that individuals who are extreme extraverts
A)are relatively stable given a quiet environment.
B)have brains that are chronically over-aroused.
C)are relatively unstable people.
D)have brains that are chronically under-aroused.
12
An individual's temperament is
A)assumed to have a biological basis.
B)assumed to have a strong environmental basis.
C)proven to determine success later in life.
D)apparent only after the age of 5.
13
Dr. Williams believes that personality is primarily a function of the interaction among the person, the person's behaviour and the environment. This belief is aligned with the concept of
A)strategic pluralism.
B)self-reinforcement.
C)self-verification.
D)reciprocal determinism.
14
Lucy believes that she has control over her own life. She feels that her successes and failures are due to her own efforts. She can best be described as having
A)an external locus of control.
B)an internal locus of control.
C)an unhealthy self-concept.
D)a low level of self-efficacy.
15
Jill believes she has the necessary ability to accomplish her goals. She can best be described as
A)high in self-efficacy.
B)having a high external locus of control.
C)high in self-monitoring.
D)being driven by her superego.







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