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| These questions are taken from the directed questions found in the margins of the chapter. After reading the chapter, you should be able to answer these questions: 18.1 Explain the interaction of client, therapist, and treatment in the process of therapy. 18.2 Describe the major therapeutic goal in psychoanalysis. 18.3 Describe the roles of free association, dream analysis, resistance, transference, and interpretation in psychoanalysis. 18.4 Describe briefly how psychodynamic and interpersonal therapies differ from psychoanalysis, and describe research that supports their use. 18.5 Describe how the goals of humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic therapies. 18.6 Describe the three therapist attributes Rogers found crucial to therapeutic success. 18.7 Describe the goal of Gestalt therapy. 18.8 Describe the four steps (ABCD) in Ellis's rational-emotive therapy and explain how the model is used in therapy. 18.9 Describe which classical and operant conditioning principles are used in exposure therapy and which problems exposure is used to treat. 18.10 Compare and contrast systematic desensitisation with exposure in terms of underlying principles and techniques. 18.11 Describe the limitations of aversion therapy and how its effects can be enhanced. 18.12 Describe how reinforcement and punishment are used therapeutically, and outline the efficacy of these approaches. 18.13 Describe how modeling is used in social-skills training and how self-efficacy is involved in its effectiveness. 18.14 Define eclecticism, and give two examples of new treatment approaches. 18.15 Describe the principles underlying family and marital therapy and the importance of acceptance in marital therapy. 18.16 Describe the barriers to treatment for ethnic minorities and how culturally competent therapists can overcome them. 18.17 Describe the importance of the specificity question in psychotherapy research and Eysenck's challenge of therapeutic effectiveness. 18.19 Describe the major findings of the Consumer Reports survey and on what bases Seligman's conclusions can be challenged. 18.20 Describe what meta-analyses have shown about the effectiveness of therapies. 18.21 List and describe the client variables, therapist factors, and technique variables, and describe common factors that have been shown to be important to treatment outcome. 18.22 Describe tardive dyskinesia and its causes. 18.23 Describe how antianxiety drugs achieve their effects, and indicate their effectiveness and their limitations. 18.24 Describe how antidepressant drugs work, and indicate their effectiveness and their limitations. 18.25 Describe the pros and cons of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and say with which disorder it is effective. 18.26 Describe the rationale for deinstitutionalisation, and explain why it has resulted in the revolving door phenomenon. 18.27 Describe the positive and negative effects of managed care on mental health treatment. 18.28 Compare and contrast the two major approaches to prevention and give examples of each. |