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| 1 | |
According to Plato, _____ appears in adolescence. |
| | A) | reason |
| | B) | self-determination |
| | C) | morality |
| | D) | conformity to societal standards |
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| 2 | |
G. Stanley Hall was strongly influenced by the views of |
| | A) | Rousseau. |
| | B) | Mead. |
| | C) | Darwin. |
| | D) | Freud. |
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| 3 | |
G. Stanley Hall described adolescence as a period of |
| | A) | emotional stability. |
| | B) | passivity and conformity. |
| | C) | considerable turmoil. |
| | D) | gradual socioemotional development. |
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| 4 | |
According to the _____ view, adolescence is a sociohistorical creation. |
| | A) | psychodynamic |
| | B) | psychosocial |
| | C) | biological |
| | D) | inventionist |
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| 5 | |
Historians believe the concept of adolescence was first formed from _____; they now call this period the "age of adolescence." |
| | A) | 1860 to 1890 |
| | B) | 1890 to 1920 |
| | C) | 1920 to 1950 |
| | D) | 1960 to 1980 |
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| 6 | |
As compulsory laws regarding youth were enacted in the early twentieth century, employment of adolescents _____ and school attendance _____. |
| | A) | decreased; increased |
| | B) | decreased; decreased |
| | C) | increased; decreased |
| | D) | increased; increased |
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| 7 | |
If one categorized all adolescents as rebellious, lazy, smart alecks, he or she would be using a(n). |
| | A) | generational perception. |
| | B) | inventionist view. |
| | C) | stereotype. |
| | D) | generation gap view. |
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| 8 | |
Individuals born during the great depression are very different than individuals born before or after that time period. This is due to |
| | A) | cohort effects. |
| | B) | generational inequity. |
| | C) | the adolescent generalization gap. |
| | D) | the storm-and-stress view. |
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| 9 | |
Contexts are |
| | A) | homogenous groups. |
| | B) | not relevant for youth. |
| | C) | settings in which development occurs. |
| | D) | courses of action designed by the government to influence citizens' welfare. |
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| 10 | |
By the year 2100, the fastest-growing ethnic group of adolescents in the United States is projected to be |
| | A) | Asian Americans. |
| | B) | Latinos. |
| | C) | African Americans. |
| | D) | Native Americans. |
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| 11 | |
A course of action designed by the government to influence the welfare of its citizens is a |
| | A) | law. |
| | B) | statute. |
| | C) | social context. |
| | D) | social policy. |
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| 12 | |
Psychologists such as Peter Benson believe that U.S. social policies |
| | A) | place too much emphasis on developmental deficits of youth and not enough on strengths. |
| | B) | are not relevant for youth. |
| | C) | are too focused on prevention and not enough on punishment. |
| | D) | provide more resources for youth, while taking away resources from the elderly. |
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| 13 | |
According to statistics from 2006, approximately _____ % of children and adolescents in the United States are living in poverty. |
| | A) | 10 |
| | B) | 22 |
| | C) | 30 |
| | D) | 42 |
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| 14 | |
Dr. Ramset is a researcher that studies patterns of change from conception till death. She is most likely studying |
| | A) | cognitive psychology. |
| | B) | developmental psychology. |
| | C) | biological psychology. |
| | D) | developmental psychology. |
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| 15 | |
The _____ period is NOT a major process contributing to the scientific study of development. |
| | A) | cognitive |
| | B) | biological |
| | C) | socioemotional |
| | D) | personal |
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| 16 | |
Alterations in an individual's thinking and intelligence suggest a change in |
| | A) | biological processes. |
| | B) | cognitive processes. |
| | C) | context. |
| | D) | socioemotional processes. |
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| 17 | |
Developmentalists describe adolescence in terms of _____ periods. |
| | A) | two |
| | B) | three |
| | C) | four |
| | D) | six |
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| 18 | |
The most widely held marker of entry into adulthood in the United States is |
| | A) | the first sexual experience. |
| | B) | the decision to get married. |
| | C) | taking a full time job. |
| | D) | learning to drive a car. |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following characterizes emerging adulthood? |
| | A) | It occurs when the individual is approximately 16 to 22 years of age. |
| | B) | It is a period when most people are financially self-sufficient. |
| | C) | Most people get married during this developmental period. |
| | D) | It is a period of experimentation and exploration. |
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| 20 | |
Jeffrey Arnett concluded that five key features characterize emerging adulthood: exploring one's identity, experiencing instability, feeling in-between, sensing an age of possibilities, and _____. |
| | A) | having sexual experience. |
| | B) | being self-focused. |
| | C) | being resilient. |
| | D) | earning money. |
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| 21 | |
Connie has been able to adapt positively and to achieve successful outcomes in her life despite facing significant risks and adverse circumstances as she grew up. Developmentalists would say that Connie possesses |
| | A) | high self-esteem. |
| | B) | resilience. |
| | C) | good genes. |
| | D) | intelligence. |
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| 22 | |
Psychoanalytic theories of development—for example, Freud's theory and Erikson's theory—describe development as |
| | A) | active construction of knowledge. |
| | B) | the result of information processing and conscious thought. |
| | C) | primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion. |
| | D) | the result of the influence of five environmental systems. |
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| 23 | |
Piaget's theory is a _____ developmental theory with _____ stages. |
| | A) | cognitive; six |
| | B) | sociocultural; four |
| | C) | formal operational; six |
| | D) | cognitive; four |
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| 24 | |
Two examples of behavioral theory are _____ operant conditioning theory and _____ social cognitive theory. |
| | A) | Skinner's; Bandura's |
| | B) | Skinner's; Vygotsky's |
| | C) | Bandura's; Skinner's |
| | D) | Bronfenbrenner's; Skinner's |
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| 25 | |
A major strength of ecological theory is its framework for explaining |
| | A) | environmental influences on development. |
| | B) | biological influences on development. |
| | C) | cognitive development. |
| | D) | affective processes in development. |
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| 26 | |
A researcher interested in gender differences in helping behavior spends three hours a day in the mall watching who opens doors for shoppers burdened with packages. Which data-collection method is being used? |
| | A) | naturalistic observation |
| | B) | experimental |
| | C) | longitudinal |
| | D) | case study |
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| 27 | |
The experimental factor that is manipulated in an experiment is referred to as a(n). |
| | A) | independent variable. |
| | B) | dependent variable. |
| | C) | control group. |
| | D) | method. |
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| 28 | |
_____ research involves studying all the participants at one time; _____ research involves studying the participants over a period of time. |
| | A) | Longitudinal; cross-sectional |
| | B) | Independent; dependent |
| | C) | Cross-sectional; longitudinal |
| | D) | Correlational; longitudinal |
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| 29 | |
Which of the following is NOT one of the important topics in research ethics? |
| | A) | informed consent |
| | B) | naturalistic observation |
| | C) | confidentiality |
| | D) | debriefing |
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