Match each person's name with the concept of adolescent development with which the person is associated. |
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Answer choices for questions
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7 | | A) | stresses that students are most likely to develop into competent human beings when they feel cared for
| | B) | studied how U.S. adolescents develop attitudes and acquire skills to achieve their career goals and expectations
| | C) | emphasized creating learning environments that encourage students to become cognitively engaged and responsible for their learning, not just to get by and get passing grades
| | D) | in motivation studies, found that adolescents show one of two responses to difficult circumstances: mastery orientation or helpless orientation
| | E) | studied ethnic and SES differences in achievement and motivation
| | F) | concludes that most educators communicate the importance of goals such as studying harder and getting good grades without discussing the purpose for doing so
| | G) | self-efficacy is a critical factor in student achievement
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Match each key term with its definition. |
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Answer choices for questions
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14 | | A) | involves external incentives such as rewards and punishments.
| | B) | states that individuals are motivated to discover the underlying causes of their own performance and behavior.
| | C) | use of failure avoidance strategies such as not trying in school or putting off studying until the last minute so that circumstances, rather than a lack of ability, will be seen as the cause of low-level performance.
| | D) | the belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes
| | E) | based on internal factors such as self-determination, curiosity, challenge, and effort.
| | F) | describes optimal experiences in life. Flow occurs most oft en when people develop a sense of mastery and are absorbed in a state of concentration while they engage in an activity.
| | G) | either fixed or growth, that individuals develop for themselves.
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Match each orientation with its definition. |
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Answer choices for questions
15
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17 | | A) | Individuals seem trapped by the experience of difficulty, and they attribute their difficulty to lack of ability.
| | B) | Individuals are focused on winning, rather than on achievement outcome, and believe that happiness results from winning.
| | C) | Task-oriented individual's, instead of focusing on their ability or looking only at the desired outcome, they concentrate on learning strategies and engaging in the process of achievement.
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