| abstract | A legal document that traces the ownership of a piece of property (real estate). (ch. 34)
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| adhesion | (bonding) Combining or uniting force that develops between adhesive and wood. (Ch. 16)
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| adhesive | A substance used to hold other materials together. (Ch. 16)
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| adjustable screw pilot bit | Drilling tool used when installing flathead screws. It acts as a combination drill and countersink. (Ch. 27)
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| alkyd paint | Oil-based paint. Requires the use of a solvent for cleanup. (Ch. 38)
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| alkyd resin | A solvent-based varnish. (Ch. 32)
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| American Screw Wire Gauge | Identification system which indicates the screw shank diameter with numbers from 0 to 24. (Ch. 15)
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| anchor bolt | Fastener used to attach the sill plate to the foundation of a house. (Ch. 35)
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| antikickback pawls | Finger-like protective devices behind the blade of a table saw that resist the tendency of the saw to throw the stock upward and toward the operator. (Ch. 22)
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| arbor | The shaft that holds the saw blade on a table saw. (Ch. 22)
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| auger bit | Drilling tool with a point and an upwardly spiraled surface around its body that carries cut materials up and out of the hole as it turns. Used in braces, power drills, and drill presses. (Ch. 6, 27)
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| automatic drill | (push drill) Hand tool that turns a bit when the operator pushes down on the handle. (Ch. 6)
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| backing board | A true, smooth board at least ¾ inch thick, placed over thin stock being surfaced on a planer. (Ch. 20)
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| backsaw | Handsaw that has a very thin blade with fine teeth. Used to make fine cuts both across and with the grain. (Ch. 4)
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| baluster | Vertical member of a stair railing that helps support the handrail or guardrail. (Ch. 38)
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| band clamp | (web clamp) A nylon strap that tightens around projects. Used when gluing up multi-sided projects. (Ch. 16)
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| band saw | Versatile cutting machine with a blade that is a steel band which revolves around an upper and a lower wheel. Used mostly for cutting curves, circles, and irregular shapes. (Ch. 24)
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| bar clamp | (cabinet clamp) Device used when gluing up large surfaces edge to edge and for clamping parts together during assembly. (Ch. 16)
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| batter boards | Pairs of horizontal boards nailed to posts set at the corner locations of a house to be built. String is stretched between them from corner to corner to mark the outside line of the foundation walls. (Ch. 35)
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| belt sander | Portable power tool with a replaceable abrasive belt that is turned around two rollers. Used to perform rough sanding tasks, such as removing waste wood, and fine finishing tasks. (Ch. 7) See also stationary belt sander. (Ch. 29)
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| belt-and-disc sander | Machine that is a combination of two types of power sanders, mounted adjacent to each other and operated by the same motor. They may have separate worktables or the same table may be used for both. (Ch. 29)
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| bevel or bevel cut | Angled cut, other than a right angle, made along the edge or end of the stock. (Ch. 4, 21, 25)
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| bill of materials | Complete list of materials, fasteners, and accessories needed for a project. (Ch. 3)
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| biscuit | Football-shaped piece of wood installed in a joint to strengthen it. (Ch. 8)
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| biscuit joint | Wood joint strengthened by a biscuit. (Ch. 8)
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| bit | Small cutting tool used with a brace, drill, or router. (Ch. 28)
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| bleaching | Process done to lighten or even out the color of unfinished wood. (Ch. 31)
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| blind dado joint | Joint formed by cutting a dado partway across a board and notching the piece that fits into the dado so that the joint does not show from the front. (Ch. 10)
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| blind mortise | Hole for receiving a tenon that is not cut all the way through the piece. The end of the tenon cannot be seen when the parts are assembled. (Ch. 13)
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| block plane | Hand plane used for planing end grain. (Ch. 7)
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| board foot | A unit of measurement, equal to a 1-inch thick board, 12 inches wide and 12 inches long. (Ch. 3)
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| box joint | See finger-lap joint. (Ch. 11)
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| box nail | Small diameter flathead nail used mostly for light carpentry and the construction of packing cases. (Ch. 5)
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| brace | A hand tool used to hold and drive an auger bit to drill holes. (Ch. 6)
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| brad point | (feed screw) Spirally threaded tip on the cutting end of an auger bit that helps draw the bit into the wood. (Ch. 6)
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| brad-point bit | Drilling tool with a spirally threaded tip and sharp cutting spurs. (Ch. 27)
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| bridging | Bracing method used with joists. (Ch. 36)
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| builder’s level | (optical level) Instrument used when laying out a building site for construction. It has a telescope that is fixed in a horizontal position. (Ch. 35)
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| building code | Law that establishes a minimum standard of quality or safety in housing construction. (Ch. 34)
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| butt chisel | Straight-edged cutting tool with a short blade, used to shape joints and cut recesses for hinges. (Ch. 7)
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| butt joint | Type of joint in which the edge, end, or face surface of one piece of wood is joined with the edge, end, or face surface of another piece. (Ch. 8)
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| cabinet clamp | See bar clamp. (Ch. 16)
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| cabinet hardware | Metal items such as hinges, pulls, and catches used to open and close drawers and doors. (Ch. 17)
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| caliper | Measuring tool used to measure cylindrical and flat stock. (Ch. 4)
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| carbide tip | Hard, sharp end on each tooth of some saw blades and router bits. (Ch. 22)
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| cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) | Rescue technique used to restore the breathing and heartbeat of accident victims. (Ch. 2)
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| casework | Type of furniture construction that resembles a box turned on its end or edge, such as a bookcase. (Ch. 14)
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| casing nail | A heavy nail with a small head that can be set below the surface. (Ch. 5)
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| catch | A device used for holding a cabinet door closed. (Ch. 17)
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| caulk | An inexpensive, easy-to-apply sealer used where air or water leakage can be expected in a structure, such as around windows. (Ch. 40)
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| C-clamp | Device that resembles the letter C, used for clamping small workpieces. (Ch. 16)
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| center square | Measuring tool used to locate the center of a circle and to check 90-degree measurements. May also be used as a protractor. (Ch. 4)
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| chamfer | An angled surface that results when a sharp edge on a piece of stock is cut off at a slight bevel. (Ch. 21)
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| chip breaker | Part of a planer that presses firmly on the top of the workpiece to prevent the grain from tearing out. (Ch. 20)
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| chisel | A straight-edge cutting tool used to shape and trim wood. (Ch. 7)
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| chuck | Device on a drill for holding twist drills and bits. (Ch. 6)
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| circular saw | Portable power saw used for both crosscutting and ripping. It can be moved freehand or used with guides. (Ch. 4)
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| clamp | Device used to hold glued materials together while adhesive sets and to hold workpieces in place during processing. (Ch. 16)
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| claw hammer | Hand tool used in nailing. The claw is used to remove nails from wood. (Ch. 5)
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| clear cutting | Logging method in which all trees in a given area are removed. (Ch. 1)
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| cleat | Piece of wood clamped over workpieces being glued edge to edge. It holds the work in place and keeps the surface true and free of warpage. (Ch. 16)
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| clip | (snipe) Undesirable but avoidable small, concave cut made by a planer at the end of stock. (Ch. 20)
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| closed-coat sandpaper | Abrasive paper completely covered with grains of abrasives. Used mostly for working with hardwoods. (Ch. 7)
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| combination square | Versatile measuring tool that can be used as a square, marker, level, rule, or gauge. (Ch. 4)
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| common nail | Flathead nail used in building construction for rough carpentry. (Ch. 5)
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| common yard lumber | Grade of softwood lumber suitable for rough carpentry. (Ch. 1)
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| compass saw | Handsaw with a narrow, pointed blade, used for sawing curves or irregular shapes. (Ch. 4)
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| compound angle | A beveled miter cut. (Ch. 25)
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| compound miter saw | Power tool that can cut two angled surfaces at the same time. (Ch. 25)
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| computer-aided drafting (CAD) | Software used in creating drawings and product plans on a computer. (Ch. 1)
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| computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) | System in which a CAD drawing is sent directly to a computerized machine that then makes the part. (Ch. 1)
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| computer numerical control (CNC) | Manufacturing system that involves the use of computers and a numerical code to control the machines used to make parts for products. (Ch. 1)
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| concrete | Construction material made by mixing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and water in the proper proportions. (Ch. 35)
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| coniferous | Describes cone-bearing trees. (Ch. 1)
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| contact cement | A ready-mixed, rubber-type bonding agent that is coated on two surfaces to be joined and then allowed to dry. Immediate and permanent bonding between the surfaces takes place on contact. (Ch. 18)
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| conventional framing | (stick framing) Construction method consisting of closely spaced, relatively small individual wood members assembled piece by piece into a rigid structure. (Ch. 34, 36)
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| conventional roof construction | Roof framing method in which joists and rafters are cut to length at the job site and assembled one by one. (Ch. 36)
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| coping saw | Handsaw with a U-shaped frame and a replaceable blade with ripsaw-like teeth, used for cutting internal and external shapes in thin wood. (Ch. 4)
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| cost effective | When the benefits brought about by improvements made in a structure justify the costs of making the changes. (Ch. 39)
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| countersink | A bit or drill used to cut a recess in a surface for setting the head of a screw flush with or below the surface. (Ch. 15)
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| countersink bit | Cone-shaped drilling tool that enlarges the top of a hole so a flathead screw can be driven in flush with the surface. (Ch. 27)
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| countersinking | A way of enlarging the top portion of a hole to a cone shape so that the head of a flathead screw will be flush with the surface of the wood. (Ch. 15)
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| crosscut | Cut made across the wood grain to cut stock to length. (Ch. 4)
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| cross-lap joint | Joint formed by removing equal amounts of material from the area of contact on two pieces to be joined and fitting the pieces together so the surfaces are flush. (Ch. 11)
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| cup center | Part of a wood lathe that is inserted in the tailstock spindle. (Ch. 30)
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| customary system | The system of measure used most in the United States. (Ch. 4)
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| cutoff saw | See radial-arm saw. (Ch. 23)
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| cutterhead | Part of a planer that surfaces a board to the desired thickness. (Ch. 20)
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| dado | A channel or a groove cut across the grain of wood. (Ch. 10)
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| dado head | A blade assembly for a table saw used to cut dadoes and grooves. It usually consists of two outside blades with a dado cutter (chipper) in between. (Ch. 22)
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| dado joint | Type of joint formed by cutting a dado across one board to receive the end of another board. (Ch. 10)
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| damper | Device installed within a chimney consisting of a cast iron frame with a hinged lid that opens or closes to vary the throat opening. (Ch. 40)
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| Danish oil | A clear finish that penetrates, seals, and preserves wood surfaces. (Ch. 32)
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| deciduous | Describes trees that shed their leaves with cold or dry seasons. (Ch. 1)
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| deed | A document that provides evidence of ownership of property and is the legal means by which ownership is transferred. (Ch. 34)
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| depth stops | Devices used to control the depth of a hole being drilled. (Ch. 6)
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| design | The outline, shape, or plan of something. (Ch. 3)
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| detail sander | Portable power sander used for sanding spots larger sanders can’t reach, such as inside corners. (Ch. 7)
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| dimension | Actual size measurement used when laying out and building a project. (Ch. 3)
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| disc sander | A flat, round platen (plate) on which a sanding disc is mounted. As it rotates, the workpiece is pressed against the downward-moving side. (Ch. 7) See also stationary disc sander. (Ch. 29)
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| doorframe | Assembly that supports a door and enables it to be connected to the house framing. (Ch. 37)
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| doorjamb | The part of the doorframe that fits inside the rough opening. (Ch. 37)
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| double spread | Gluing method in which glue is applied to both surfaces being joined. (Ch. 16)
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| dovetail joint | A strong, interlocking joint formed by fitting a dovetail-shaped tenon into a matching socket. Often used in drawer construction. (Ch. 14)
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| dovetail saw | Handsaw with a narrow blade and fine teeth, used for extremely accurate work. (Ch. 4)
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| dowel | Wood or plastic pin placed in matching holes in the two pieces of a joint to make it stronger. (Ch. 8)
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| dowel center | Small metal pin used for matching and marking the location of holes on the two parts of a joint. (Ch. 8)
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| doweling jigs | Drilling accessories attached to the edge of stock to identify hole locations and guide the drill to cut straight, perpendicular dowel holes. (Ch. 6, 8)
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| dowel joint | A joint reinforced with dowels. (Ch. 8)
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| dowel rod | Standard cylindrical stock, 1/8 inch to 1 inch in diameter and usually 3 feet long, that is cut to make dowels for use in jointing. (Ch. 8)
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| dowel screw | A wood screw threaded on each end. (Ch. 15)
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| downspout | Pipe that carries water down from a roof and away from the foundation or into a storm sewer. (Ch. 37)
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| drawer guide | Device on which a drawer slides. (Ch. 14)
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| dressed lumber | (surfaced lumber) Lumber that has been put through a planer. (Ch. 1)
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| drill press | Machine used primarily for drilling holes of various diameters and depths and at various angles. With appropriate jigs or setups, it can also be used for mortising and sanding. (Ch. 27)
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| drywall | A sheet material made of gypsum filler faced with paper. It is the most used interior wall and ceiling finish in residential construction. (Ch. 38)
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| edge butt joint | See edge joint. (Ch. 8)
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| edge half-lap joint | Joint formed by cutting deep, narrow dadoes in the edges of two pieces of stock and fitting them together with the edges flush. (Ch. 11)
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| edge joint | Type of joint in which edges of stock are glued together to form a single piece with a larger face surface. (Ch. 8, 16)
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| edging clamp | Clamping device designed to hold moldings, veneer, and laminates to the edge of a workpiece. (Ch. 16)
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| elevating crank | The part of a radial-arm saw that is turned to adjust the depth of cut. (Ch. 23)
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| enamel | High-gloss paint that provides a slick, hard, easy-to-clean surface. (Ch. 33)
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| end butt joint | Joint formed by connecting the end of one piece to the face surface, edge, or end of the second piece. (Ch. 8)
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| end grain | The closely packed tips of cut wood fibers revealed when stock is cut across the grain. (Ch. 7)
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| end-to-end half-lap joint | Joint formed by removing half the thickness from two equally thick pieces of wood and overlapping the cut ends so the surfaces are flush. (Ch. 11)
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| engineered wood | Strong, long-lasting manufactured materials made from sawdust or small wood pieces and plastics. (Ch. 1)
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| entrepreneur | Person who owns and is responsible for his or her own business. (Ch. 1)
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| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) | Government agency that sets limits on the amount of hazardous waste permitted to accumulate at a work site and for how long. (Ch. 2)
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| epoxy cement | A two-part adhesive that can be used with most materials. (Ch. 16)
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| exploded view | Drawing that shows a project “taken apart.” It gives the dimensions of each part and shows how the parts go together. (Ch. 3)
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| face planing | (surfacing) Planing the surfaces to true up stock. (Ch. 21)
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| faceplate turning | Lathe operation in which stock is mounted and rotated on a metal disk (faceplate) for shaping. (Ch. 30)
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| FAS | Label meaning “firsts and seconds” placed on the top grade of hardwood. (Ch. 1)
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| featherboard | A piece of lumber with a series of saw kerfs on one end, used to hold narrow stock against the rip fence when making a rip cut with a table saw. (Ch. 22)
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| filler | Paste applied to open-grained woods to close the pores. (Ch. 31)
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| finger-lap joint | (box joint) Strong, attractive joint in which a series of fingers and notches are meshed together. (Ch. 11)
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| finish flooring | The final wearing surface applied to a floor. (Ch. 38)
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| finishing nail | The finest of all nails. Used for fine cabinet and construction work. (Ch. 5)
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| fire safety plan | A map of a building showing at least two escape routes in case of fire. (Ch. 2)
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| fixed-base router | Type of router in which the base is clamped to the motor and the joined parts are moved as a single unit. Used for edge cutting and trimming. (Ch. 28)
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| flat cutting method | Method of cutting a log into narrow strips of veneer. The log is moved back and forth across a blade and cut into slices. (Ch. 19)
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| flitch | Ordered bundle of veneer slices cut from a single log. (Ch. 19)
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| floor joist | One of a series of horizontal structural members that support a floor. (Ch. 36)
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| floor plan | An architectural working drawing that shows sizes and locations of rooms, windows, doors, and many other features. (Ch. 34)
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| flush door | Door that fits inside the frame, flush with the surface. (Ch. 14)
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| flush drawer | A drawer that fits flush with the frame opening. (Ch. 14)
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| fly cutter | (circle cutter) Adjustable drilling tool used to cut holes from 1 to 4 inches in diameter. (Ch. 27)
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| folding rule | Measuring tool that is 8 inches long when folded but can be unfolded to various lengths up to 6 feet. (Ch. 4)
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| footing | Base on which the foundation of a building rests. (Ch. 35)
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| fore plane | Hand plane used for planing large surfaces and edges. (Ch. 7)
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| Forstner bit | A drilling tool used to cut flat-bottomed holes. It has a circular cutting edge with no screw tip extending below it. (Ch. 27)
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| foundation | The part of a house that anchors it to the land, supports its weight, and provides a level base for floor framing. (Ch. 35)
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| freehand routing | Routing that is done without guides. (Ch. 28)
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| full-lap joint | Joint used when pieces with different thicknesses are joined. The thinner piece is fit into a cut that has been made in the thicker piece. (Ch. 11)
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| function | The purpose of a product. (Ch. 3)
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| gain | A recess cut into a door or frame in which a leaf of a hinge is installed. (Ch. 17)
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| girder | Large wood or steel structural member which provides support for a wood frame. (Ch. 36)
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| gloss | Amount of surface brightness of finishes. (Ch. 33)
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| gouge | A chisel with a curved blade. (Ch. 30)
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| grit | The size of the grains on abrasive paper. (Ch. 7)
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| ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) | Protective device that detects electrical leaks to ground and breaks the circuit. (Ch. 2)
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| guardrail | The top part of a stair railing on a landing or other area where the railing is horizontal. (Ch. 38)
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| gutter | Trough installed at the lower edge of the roof to catch water and carry it to a downspout. (Ch. 37)
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| half-lap joint | Joint formed by removing half the thickness of two equally thick pieces of wood and fitting them together so the surfaces are flush. (Ch. 11)
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| hand drill | Tool used with twist drills to drill small holes. It is operated by turning a crank. (Ch. 6)
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| hand plane | Cutting tool used to shape and smooth stock. (Ch. 7)
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| handrail | The top part of the railing that people grasp when using stairs. (Ch. 38)
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| hand scraper | A flat, rectangular blade used for smoothing wood surfaces prior to sanding. (Ch. 7)
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| hand screws | Wooden parallel clamps used mainly when gluing stock face to face. (Ch. 16)
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| hardboard | Manufactured wood material made by refining wood chips into fibers that are formed into panels under heat and pressure. (Ch. 1)
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| hardware | Parts (usually metal) needed to complete a project, make a project usable, or provide structural support within the project. (Ch. 17)
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| hardwood | Wood cut from deciduous trees, such as maple and oak. (Ch. 1)
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| hazards | Dangers. (Ch. 2)
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| headstock | Part of a wood lathe that is permanently fastened to the bed. (Ch. 30)
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| heat pump | A device that can heat or cool the air in a house. It is connected to standard duct systems. (Ch. 38)
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| hinge | A piece of hardware used as a joint. It allows one of two joined parts to move. (Ch. 17)
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| hole saw | Drilling tool used for cutting large holes. It comes in sizes up to 6 inches. (Ch. 27)
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| hood | A covering with open ends placed over a chimney to keep rain out and prevent down-draft. (Ch. 40)
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| house inspector | Qualified professional person who checks the general condition of a house in order to find existing or potential problems. (Ch. 39)
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| infeed roll | Part of a planer that grips the stock and moves it toward the cutterhead. (Ch. 20)
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| infeed table | Part of a jointer or planer that supports the work before it is cut. It is raised or lowered to adjust the depth of the cut. (Ch. 21)
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| inlaying | (marquetry) A way of forming a design by using two or more different kinds of wood that have a marked contrast in color or grain pattern. (Ch. 26) Also, the setting of a material into a surface as a decoration. (Ch. 28)
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| insulation | A material installed in walls, ceilings, roofs, and floors that slows down the transmission of heat. (Ch. 38)
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| jack plane | Planing tool used for general planing. (Ch. 7)
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| jigsaw | (saber saw) Portable power saw used for making both curved and straight cuts in hard-to-reach places. (Ch. 4)
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| jointer | A machine used to true up stock. The operator can straighten, smooth, square up, and size boards to be accurately formed. (Ch. 21)
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| jointer plane | Planing tool used for planing edges straight when making joints on long pieces of stock. (Ch. 7)
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| jointing | Process of making joints. (Ch. 7) The term also refers to using a jointer to smooth and straighten an edge to make it square with the face surface. (Ch. 21)
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| kerf | Cut made by a saw. (Ch. 4)
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| kerf board | (kerf insert) Slotted piece set in the turntable below the blade of a sliding compound miter saw. It minimizes the gap between the side of the blade and the table. (Ch. 25)
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| kerf splitter | See splitter. (Ch. 4)
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| kickback | A sudden, violent thrust upward and back that stock can make under certain circumstances during processing. Precautions and care must be taken to avoid it. (Ch. 21)
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| knot | Hard lump in lumber formed at the point where a branch begins to extend out from a tree. (Ch. 31)
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| lacquer | A clear finishing material that dries quickly and produces a hard finish. (Ch. 32)
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| laminate | A material made up of several different layers that are firmly united together. (Ch. 18)
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| lamination | The process of building up the thickness or width of material by gluing and clamping together several layers. (Ch. 16)
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| lap joint | Type of joint formed by laying (lapping) one piece of wood over another and fastening the two pieces together in the contact area. (Ch. 11)
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| latex paint | Water-based paint. Tools clean readily in soap and water. (Ch. 33, 38)
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| layout | Measuring and marking stock to size and shape. (Ch. 3)
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| level | Tool used to check a horizontal surface to see if it is level or a vertical surface to see if it is plumb. (Ch. 4)
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| linseed oil | Natural oil used to finish certain types of furniture. Sometimes mixed into oil-based paints. (Ch. 31)
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| lip door | Door that has a rabbet cut around the inside edge, and the rabbeted edge (lip) overlaps the frame. (Ch. 14)
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| lip drawer | A drawer that has a rabbet cut on the inside edge of the front piece, and the rabbeted edge (lip) overlaps the frame. (Ch. 14)
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| manufactured housing | (industrialized housing) Houses built wholly or in part on factory assembly lines. (Ch. 34)
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| marquetry | See inlaying. (Ch. 26)
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| matching | Arranging pieces of veneer to create special decorative effects with grain patterns. (Ch. 19)
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| Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) | Printed sheets of information required by OSHA about hazardous materials workers must handle. Include health hazards, precautions to take, and conditions to avoid when using the material. (Ch. 2)
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| materials list | Complete listing of all materials needed for a construction project. Includes sizes, amounts, and other information. (Ch. 34)
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| mill marks | Uniform ridges on planed lumber that must be smoothed before finishing. (Ch. 31)
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| miter or miter cut | Angled cut across the face of stock. (Ch. 4, 25)
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| miter box | A device used to guide a handsaw to make a cut through a piece of wood at a set angle from 30 to 90 degrees. (Ch. 12)
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| miter gauge | Sliding device used to push stock and maintain a straight line or preselected angle. (Ch. 22)
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| miter joint | An angled joint that hides the end grain of both pieces. (Ch. 12)
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| module | (modular unit) Complete unit of a structure that is built, shipped to a site, and assembled with other units. (Ch. 34)
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| molding | A narrow strip of wood shaped to a uniform curved profile throughout its length. Used to conceal a joint or to ornament furniture or a room interior. (Ch. 1)
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| mortise | A rectangular hole cut in wood to receive a tenon that is the same size and shape as the hole. (Ch. 13)
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| mortise-and-tenon joint | A very strong joint formed by fitting a projecting piece of wood (tenon) into a hole of the same dimensions (mortise) cut in another piece. Often used in fine furniture. (Ch. 13)
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| mortise chisel | Sturdy cutting tool with a thick blade, used for clearing out a mortise to fit a tenon. (Ch. 7, 13)
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| mortising attachment | Drill press tool that consists of a drill bit surrounded by a four-sided chisel. (Ch. 27)
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| multispur bit | Drilling tool used in a drill press to cut perfectly round, flat-bottomed holes. Its semicircular leading edge has saw teeth, and a single cutter extends from the edge to the center. (Ch. 27)
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| nailer | Air-powered tool used for driving and setting nails. (Ch. 5)
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| nail set | A short metal punch with a cup-shaped head, used to drive the head of a nail below the surface of wood. (Ch. 5)
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| narrow belt sander-grinder | A tabletop machine that moves a narrow abrasive belt around three or four pulleys. Used for sanding small parts and for getting into hard-to-reach places. (Ch. 29)
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| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) | Federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related illnesses and injuries. (Ch. 2)
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| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) | Federal agency that sets and enforces standards for safety in the workplace. (Ch. 2)
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| offset screwdriver | Hand tool used to install or remove screws located in tight places where a standard screwdriver cannot be used. (Ch. 15)
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| opaque finish | Type of finish that covers a surface completely and cannot be seen through, such as paint or enamel. (Ch. 31, 33)
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| open-coat sandpaper | Abrasive paper on which grains of abrasives are spaced far apart. Used mostly for working with softwoods. (Ch. 7)
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| orbital sander | Portable power sander that uses a circular motion. (Ch. 7)
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| oscillating spindle sander | A machine that moves a sanding drum up and down and spins it at the same time. The workpiece is pressed against the moving drum. Useful for sanding curved and irregularly shaped edges. (Ch. 29)
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| outfeed roll | Part of a planer that helps move stock out of the back of the machine. (Ch. 20)
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| outfeed table | Part of a jointer or planer that supports the work after it has been cut. (Ch. 21)
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| overarm | The part of a radial-arm saw along which the saw unit is moved. It sits on a column and can be rotated in a complete circle around the column. (Ch. 23)
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| pad sawing | The cutting of several pieces at one time with a band saw. (Ch. 24)
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| panel stock | (sheet material) Wood material, such as plywood, that has been processed and formed into panels (or sheets). (Ch. 1)
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| paring chisel | Lightweight cutting tool used for final trimming and fitting. (Ch. 7)
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| parting tool | Lathe tool used to cut grooves and to cut away stock during faceplate turning. (Ch. 30)
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| pawl | Movable jaw on a bar clamp. (Ch. 16)
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| penetrating finish | Type of finish that soaks into wood rather than just coating it. (Ch. 31)
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| penetrating oil stain | Aniline dye mixed in oil that soaks into wood. (Ch. 32)
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| penny number | (d) Number that relates to nail length. (Ch. 5)
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| Phillips-head screwdriver | Hand tool made for driving crossed-head screws. (Ch. 15)
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| pictorial drawing | Drawing or sketch that shows an object the way it looks in use. (Ch. 3)
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| pigment stain | Color pigments added to boiled linseed oil and turpentine. (Ch. 32)
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| pilot end | Part of a router bit that rides against the edge of a workpiece to guide and limit cutting. (Ch. 28)
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| plane iron | Adjustable blade in a plane that does the cutting. (Ch. 7)
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| planer | (surfacer) Machine designed to surface boards to thickness and to smooth rough-cut lumber. (Ch. 20)
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| plastic laminate | Thin, hard, manufactured material, used as a long-wearing, scratch-resistant top for such items as tables, cabinets, and desks. (Ch. 18)
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| plate | Horizontal member of a frame wall. (Ch. 36)
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| plot plan | Drawing that shows the building site, including boundaries and physical details as well as the planned location of the house. (Ch. 34, 35)
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| plug cutter | Drilling tool for cutting cross-grain and end-grain plugs and dowels up to 3 inches long. (Ch. 27)
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| plumb | Straight up and down. (Ch. 4)
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| plunge router | Type of router that has the motor attached to a base that has springs. The cutting unit can be raised and lowered without moving the base. Used for cutting dadoes, mortises, and rabbets. (Ch. 28)
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| plywood | Sheet material made by gluing thin layers (plies) of wood together. (Ch. 1)
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| pocket hole jigs | Devices used as aids for drilling holes that will be used when fastening two wood parts together, such as the rails to the underside of a table. (Ch. 6)
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| points | The tips of saw teeth. The more points, the finer the cut. (Ch. 4)
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| polyurethane varnish | A basic type of varnish. (Ch. 32)
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| post-and-beam framing | Wood framing system for buildings that consists of widely spaced, relatively heavy members. (Ch. 36)
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| prefabricated house | Type of house in which all parts of the shell were precut and prefit at a factory. (Ch. 34)
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| prefabricated part | Standard-sized part made in a factory. (Ch. 34)
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| pressure bar | Part of a planer that holds stock against the table. (Ch. 20)
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| pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) | Adhesive that sticks to a surface when pressure is applied. Used on the back of abrasive sanding discs for easy installation. (Ch. 29)
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| primer | An undercoat that seals wood and prepares it to take a paint or enamel finish. (Ch. 33)
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| problem-solving process | System used to develop solutions to problems. (Ch. 1)
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| proportion | Size relationship of parts or features. (Ch. 3)
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| pumice | Powdered volcanic material combined with water or oil and used to rub down a finish. (Ch. 31)
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| pushblock or pushstick | A wood block or stick used to move stock through a cutting machine. When using a jointer, it is held with one hand as the other hand holds the front of the stock down. (Ch. 21) When using a table saw, a push-stick is used to push the stock past the blade if the space between the saw blade and the fence is 6 inches or less. (Ch. 22)
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| push drill | See automatic drill. (Ch. 6)
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| rabbet | An L-shaped cut along the end or edge of a board. (Ch. 9, 14)
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| rabbet-and-dado joint | Joint formed by fitting a rabbet with a tongue into a dado. Used when additional strength and stiffness are needed. (Ch. 10)
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| rabbet joint | Type of joint formed by fitting the end or edge of one piece into a rabbet cut at the end or edge of another piece. (Ch. 9)
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| radial-arm saw | (cutoff saw) Cutting machine used primarily for crosscutting operations. The saw unit is moved along an overarm or track to make cuts. (Ch. 23)
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| rail | Horizontal part of a chair or table frame. (Ch. 14)
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| random-orbit sander | A variation of the orbital sander that uses both a circular motion and a side-to-side motion at the same time. (Ch. 7)
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| real estate | (real property) Land and the buildings on it. (Ch. 34)
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| reciprocating saw | Portable power saw having a back-and-forth motion, used mainly for rough cutting. (Ch. 4)
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| remodeling | Altering the structure of an older home to make it more up to date. (Ch. 39)
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| renovation | Restoring a home to the way it originally looked. (Ch. 39)
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| repair plate | Metal piece installed across a joint to add strength and provide structural support in a project. (Ch. 17)
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| resawing | Sawing stock to reduce its thickness. (Ch. 24)
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| rip cut | Cut made with the grain to cut stock to width. (Ch. 4)
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| rip fence | Part on a table saw or circular saw used to guide a workpiece straight through the saw blade. (Ch. 4, 22)
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| ripping bar | A heavy metal bar with a nail slot on the curved end and a chisel-shape on the straight end. Used for pulling nails and for prying things apart. (Ch. 5)
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| ripsaw | Handsaw for cutting with the grain. Used to cut stock to width. (Ch. 4)
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| riser | Vertical member between the treads of a stair. (Ch. 38)
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| rotary cutting method | Method of cutting a log into a continuous sheet of veneer. The log is turned lengthwise against a blade. (Ch. 19)
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| rottenstone | Fine abrasive material that comes from shale. It is used with water or oil after pumice to produce a smoother wood finish. (Ch. 31)
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| roundnose tool | Flat turning chisel with a rounded cutting edge. (Ch. 30)
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| router | Versatile power tool that uses different types of bits to cut dadoes, rabbets, and grooves and to perform joinery, mortising, planing, and shaping processes. (Ch. 28)
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| router bit | Tool fastened into a router that does the cutting. (Ch. 28)
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| rule | Measuring tool marked off in equal units (graduations). (Ch. 4)
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| sanding | Process of smoothing wood by rubbing it with an abrasive. (Ch. 7)
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| sanding drum | Cylindrical sanding attachment for a drill press or an oscillating spindle sander. (Ch. 27, 29)
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| scale | Proportion used in drawing. A smaller measurement can represent a larger measurement and vice versa. (Ch. 3)
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| scratch awl | A slender, metal, pointed tool with a wooden handle, used for marking and punching the location of holes to be drilled. (Ch. 4)
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| screwdriver bit | Bit used in a power drill to drive screws. (Ch. 15)
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| screw-mate counterbor | Bit that does all the operations performed by the screw-mate drill and countersink, as well as drilling holes for wooden plugs. (Ch. 15)
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| screw-mate drill and countersink | Designed to drill to correct depth, do countersinking, make correct shank clearance, and drill pilot holes for flathead screws. (Ch. 15)
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| scroll saw (jigsaw) | Machine with an up-and-down cutting action, designed to cut sharp curves and angles on both the outside edges and the interior sections of a workpiece. (Ch. 26)
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| sealant | A material similar to caulk but generally more flexible and expensive. (Ch. 40)
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| sectional house | A single house built in sections on an assembly line. (Ch. 34)
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| selective cutting | Logging method in which only trees of a certain diameter and species are harvested. (Ch. 1)
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| select yard lumber | Grade of lumber that has a good appearance and takes different finishes such as stain and paint. (Ch. 1)
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| sheathing | Layer of sheet material placed between a building’s frame and outside surface. (Ch. 36)
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| shelf-drilling jig | Guide used when drilling a series of evenly spaced holes, such as for shelf pins for adjustable bookshelves. (Ch. 6)
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| shelf standard | A slotted wood or metal strip used with brackets or clips to hold shelves in bookcase construction. (Ch. 14)
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| shingle | One of a number of thin pieces of building material laid in overlapping courses (rows) to cover the roof or exterior walls of a house. (Ch. 37)
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| siding | Exterior wall covering of a house. (Ch. 37)
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| sill plate | Wood member bolted horizontally to the top of the foundation wall. It creates the connection between the foundation and the wood framing above it. (Ch. 35)
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| SI Metric System | A decimal system of measure. (SI stands for “System International.”) (Ch. 4)
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| single spread | Gluing method in which glue is applied to only one of the two surfaces to be joined. (Ch. 16)
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| sitework | Site preparation. Tasks include surveying, clearing the land, and laying out the building. (Ch. 35)
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| skew | Lathe tool that has a tapered cutting edge. (Ch. 30)
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| skylight | Transparent or translucent component installed on either a pitched or flat roof to provide light and, sometimes, ventilation. (Ch. 37)
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| sliding compound miter saw | Power tool that can cut two angled surfaces at the same time. It can make slide cuts as well as cutting down and through. (Ch. 25)
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| sliding door | Door that is moved horizontally to open. (Ch. 14)
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| sliding T-bevel | Measuring tool that has an adjustable blade in a handle. Used for laying out all angles other than right angles. (Ch. 4)
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| smooth plane | Planing tool used for general planing and finishing work. (Ch. 7)
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| snipe | See clip. (Ch. 20)
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| softwood | Wood from coniferous trees, such as pine and redwood. (Ch. 1)
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| solvent | Liquid that dissolves another substance. Used to thin finishing materials and to clean brushes after use. (Ch. 31)
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| spade bit | Fast-cutting drilling tool used for cutting general-purpose holes. (Ch. 27)
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| spark arrester | Wire mesh placed over a chimney to reduce the discharge of sparks. (Ch. 40)
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| spar varnish | A basic type of varnish. (Ch. 32)
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| specifications | Written details on construction not given elsewhere, such as in drawings or materials lists. (Ch. 34)
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| spindle turning | Turning between centers on a lathe. (Ch. 30)
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| splitter | (kerf splitter) Device or part that prevents wood being cut with the grain from closing behind the kerf and binding the blade. (Ch. 4, 22)
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| spur | (live center) Part of a wood lathe fastened to the headstock spindle. (Ch. 30)
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| square | Tool used for checking the squareness (right angles) of stock, cuts, or joined pieces. (Ch. 4)
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| staining | Applying transparent or semitransparent liquids made from dyes, pigments, and/or chemicals to change the color of wood without changing its texture. (Ch. 32)
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| standard screwdriver | Regular screwdriver used to install slotted-head screws. (Ch. 15)
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| standard stock | Lumber cut to a widely used size and shape. (Ch. 3)
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| stationary belt sander | Machine that has an abrasive belt that revolves on two pulleys. It can be used in vertical, horizontal, or slanted positions. (Ch. 29)
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| stationary disc sander | Machine that has an abrasive disc attached to a metal platen which rotates. Workpieces are moved back and forth against the downward moving side of the disc. (Ch. 29)
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| steel wool | Abrasive material made of thin metal shavings, used in place of sandpaper in some finishing operations. (Ch. 31)
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| stick framing | See conventional framing. (Ch. 34, 36)
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| stile | A vertical side piece in the frame of a paneled door. (Ch. 14)
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| stock-cutting list | List in which the thickness, width, and length of the stock listed in the bill of materials are increased to allow for cutting and other operations. (Ch. 3)
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| straightedge | Any tool or object, such as a board, along which a straight line can be drawn. (Ch. 4)
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| stringer | Part of a stair that supports the treads. (Ch. 38)
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| structural hardware | Metal items, such as repair plates and corner blocks, that are used to strengthen joints and hold unseen parts together in a project. (Ch. 17)
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| structural lumber | Classification of lumber used in construction. Grades are based upon the strength of the pieces. (Ch. 1)
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| stud | Vertical member of a frame wall. (Ch. 36)
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| subfloor | Wood floor attached directly to the floor joists, under the finished floor. (Ch. 36)
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| substrate | Wood underlayment to which plastic laminate or veneer is applied. (Ch. 18, 19)
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| surface-lap joint | Joint formed when pieces of wood are joined without additional processing. (Ch. 11)
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| surfacer | See planer. (Ch. 20)
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| survey | Measurements that identify boundaries of a property. (Ch.34)
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| suspended ceiling | Ceiling panels held in place by a metal grid system at a desired distance from the existing ceiling structure. (Ch. 39)
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| table saw | Cutting machine with a fixed, horizontal table and an adjustable blade. Used for ripping and crosscutting boards. (Ch. 22)
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| tack rag | A cloth treated to attract and hold dust. (Ch. 31)
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| tailstock | Part of a wood lathe that slides along and can be locked in any position on the bed. (Ch. 30)
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| tang | The non-cutting end of an auger bit that is fastened into a brace. (Ch. 6)
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| tearout | The splintering that often happens when a saw blade breaks through the bottom surface of the wood. (Ch. 22, 25)
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| template | A pattern used when forming or shaping a workpiece. (Ch. 28)
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| tenon | A projecting piece of wood sized and shaped to fit into a mortise cut in another piece of wood. (Ch. 13)
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| through mortise | A hole cut all the way through a piece of wood and used to receive a tenon. (Ch. 13)
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| toenailing | Driving nails at an angle to fasten the end of one piece of wood to the side of another piece. (Ch. 5)
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| transit level | (transit) Instrument similar to a builder’s level, but its telescope can be moved up and down as well as sideways. Used when laying out a building site for construction. (Ch. 35)
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| transparent coating | Finish that can be seen through, such as shellac, varnish, or lacquer. (Ch. 31)
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| tread | Horizontal part of a stair on which people walk. (Ch. 38)
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| trial assembly | A temporary assembly of all parts of a project; made before gluing to check for proper fit. (Ch. 16)
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| trussed roof construction | Roof framing method in which factory-made trusses are used. (Ch. 36)
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| tuckpointing | Technique used to repair mortar joints. The loose and damaged mortar is removed and new mortar is pushed in. (Ch. 40)
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| tung oil | A clear, penetrating finish which dries to a low sheen and can be rubbed to a gloss finish. (Ch. 32)
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| turning | A cutting operation on a lathe in which the workpiece is revolved against a single-edged tool. (Ch. 30)
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| twist drill | Drilling tool that has a deep spiraling groove running from tip to shank. (Ch. 6, 27)
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| underlayment | A material placed under finish roof coverings to provide a smooth, even surface. (Ch. 37)
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| upholster | To apply padding to furniture and cover with fabric. (Ch. 14)
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| utility knife | Sharp tool used for accurate marking and some cutting tasks. (Ch. 4)
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| vapor barrier | A material that prevents moisture from getting into interior walls, floors, or ceilings. (Ch. 38)
|
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|
| variable-speed (drill) | Feature of a drill that allows the speed to be adjusted by the amount of pressure applied to the trigger. (Ch. 6)
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|
|
| veneer | A thin layer of wood of good quality that adds beauty and character to furniture and other wood projects. (Ch. 16, 19)
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| veneering | The process of applying a thin layer of fine wood, called veneer, to the surface of a wood of lesser quality. (Ch. 19)
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| warp | Any variation in a board from a true, or plane, surface. Includes crook, bow, cup, wind (twist), or any combination of these. (Ch. 7)
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| wash coat | Sealer applied after stain and before a clear finish. (Ch. 32)
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| ways | Guiding surfaces on a jointer. (Ch. 21)
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|
| white liquid-resin glue | A general all-purpose glue that works well for small woodworking projects. (Ch. 16)
|
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|
| wood lath | Slender strips of split or sawn wood used as a base for plaster. (Ch. 39)
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| wood screw | A fastener with a thread twisting around part of its length. It cuts its own grooves into the piece it is fastening. (Ch. 15)
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| working drawings | Drawings that provide dimensions and other information needed to construct a project. (Ch. 3, 34)
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|
|
| yard lumber | Classification of lumber cut for a wide variety of uses. It may be common or select grade. (Ch. 1)
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| yellow liquid-resin glue | An all-purpose glue much like white liquid-resin glue but with greater moisture-resistance and tack and better sandability. (Ch. 16)
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| yoke | The part of a radial-arm saw that holds the saw unit. (Ch. 23)
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