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Core Concepts in Health Cover Image
Core Concepts in Health, 9/e
Paul M. Insel, Stanford University School of Medicine
Walton T. Roth, Stanford University School of Medicine

Exercise for Health and Fitness


*physical fitness  A set of physical attributes that allows the body to respond or adapt to the demands and stress of physical effort.
cardiorespiratory endurance  The ability of the body to per-form prolonged, large-muscle, dynamic exercise at moderate-to-high levels of intensity.
muscular strength  The amount of force a muscle can produce with a single maximum effort.
muscular endurance  The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to remain contracted or to contract repeatedly for a long period of time.
flexibility  The range of motion in a joint or group of joints; flexibility is related to muscle length.
*body composition  The proportion of fat and fat-free mass (muscle, bone, and water) in the body.
cardiovascular disease (CVD)  A collective term for diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
lipoproteins  Substances in blood, classified according to size, density, and chemical composition, that transport fats.
endorphins  Brain chemicals that seem to be involved in modulating pain and producing euphoria.
neurotransmitters  Brain chemicals that transmit nerve impulses.
cardiorespiratory endurance (aerobic) exercise  Rhythmical, large-muscle exercise for a prolonged period of time; partially dependent on the ability of the cardiovascular system to deliver oxygen to tissues.
electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)  A recording of the changes in electrical activity of the heart.
overload  The amount of stress placed on the body; a gradual increase in the amount of overload causes adaptations that improve fitness.
maximal oxygen consumption (MOC)  The body's maximum ability to transport and use oxygen.
target heart rate  The heart rate at which exercise yields cardiorespiratory benefits.
synovial fluid  Fluid found within many joints that provides lubrication and nutrition to the cells of the joint surface.
resistance exercise  Exercise that forces muscles to contract against increased resistance; also called strength training.
isometric exercise  The application of force without movement; also called static exercise.
isotonic exercise  The application of force with movement.
anabolic steroids  Synthetic male hormones used to increase muscle size and strength.
cross-training  Participating in two or more activities to develop a particular component of fitness.