Paul M. Insel,
Stanford University School of Medicine
Walton T. Roth,
Stanford University School of Medicine
| *physical fitness | A set of physical attributes that allows the body to respond or adapt to the demands and stress of physical effort.
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| cardiorespiratory endurance | The ability of the body to per-form prolonged, large-muscle, dynamic exercise at moderate-to-high levels of intensity.
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| muscular strength | The amount of force a muscle can produce with a single maximum effort.
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| muscular endurance | The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to remain contracted or to contract repeatedly for a long period of time.
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| flexibility | The range of motion in a joint or group of joints; flexibility is related to muscle length.
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| *body composition | The proportion of fat and fat-free mass (muscle, bone, and water) in the body.
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| cardiovascular disease (CVD) | A collective term for diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
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| lipoproteins | Substances in blood, classified according to size, density, and chemical composition, that transport fats.
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| endorphins | Brain chemicals that seem to be involved in modulating pain and producing euphoria.
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| neurotransmitters | Brain chemicals that transmit nerve impulses.
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| cardiorespiratory endurance (aerobic) exercise | Rhythmical, large-muscle exercise for a prolonged period of time; partially dependent on the ability of the cardiovascular system to deliver oxygen to tissues.
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| electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) | A recording of the changes in electrical activity of the heart.
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| overload | The amount of stress placed on the body; a gradual increase in the amount of overload causes adaptations that improve fitness.
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| maximal oxygen consumption (MOC) | The body's maximum ability to transport and use oxygen.
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| target heart rate | The heart rate at which exercise yields cardiorespiratory benefits.
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| synovial fluid | Fluid found within many joints that provides lubrication and nutrition to the cells of the joint surface.
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| resistance exercise | Exercise that forces muscles to contract against increased resistance; also called strength training.
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| isometric exercise | The application of force without movement; also called static exercise.
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| isotonic exercise | The application of force with movement.
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| anabolic steroids | Synthetic male hormones used to increase muscle size and strength.
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| cross-training | Participating in two or more activities to develop a particular component of fitness.
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education