1 By scholarly convention, prehistory refers to the periodA) before the emergence of cities. B) before modern humans were born. C) before the invention of writing. D) before Homo sapiens appeared. E) None of these are correct. 2 Human beings and large apes are significantly different inA) genetic makeup. B) body chemistry. C) level of intelligence. D) the structure of the brain. E) None of these are correct. 3 The famous Lucy wasA) a female ape. B) an Australopithecus. C) a Homo erectus. D) an archeologist. E) none of these. 4 The family of hominids includes all of the following species exceptA) apes and monkeys. B) Australopithecus and Homo erectus. C) Homo sapiens and Homo erectus. D) Neandertal and Homo sapiens. E) modern humans. 5 A major difference between Homo erectus and Australopithecus was the ability toA) walk upright on two legs. B) domesticate animals. C) communicate through language. D) make stone tools. E) All of these are correct. 6 Homo sapiens were better hunters than Australopithecus and Homo erectus because theyA) organized larger hunting bands than their ancestors did. B) were smaller in body size but swifter in action. C) had larger brains and higher intelligence. D) had more animals to hunt. E) All of these are correct. 7 The most significant defining characteristic of the Paleolithic era was thatA) human beings used stone and bone tools in their cultivation of crops. B) peoples relied on hunting and gathering for subsistence. C) men and women engaged in the same economic activities. D) people domesticated animals. E) None of these are correct. 8 What is the significance of the Natufian, Jomon, and Chinook cultures?A) They show that some Paleolithic cultures settled permanently. B) They show that some Paleolithic peoples lived in much larger groups. C) They show that some Paleolithic cultures had specialization of labor. D) They show that some Paleolithic cultures had hierarchies of authority. E) All of these are correct. 9 Neandertal peoples developed a capacity for emotion and feelings, which can be seen from theirA) elaborate burials. B) cave paintings. C) ancestor worship. D) Venus figurines. E) All of these are correct. 10 Early humans showed their creativity byA) Creating complex languages. B) Inventing the bow and arrow. C) Using barbed harpoons. D) Learning to fish in deep water. E) All of these are correct. 11 The prominent sexual features of Venus figurines at early human sites indicate that the Homo sapiensA) worshipped the goddess of love forty thousand years ago. B) had a deep interest in love-making activities. C) were strongly concerned with fertility and the generation of new life. D) used sympathetic magic to succeed in hunting. E) All of these are correct. 12 What was a likely purpose of an early human cave painting?A) to warn competing groups of people of their presence B) to practice telepathy C) to draw portraits of each other D) to exercise sympathetic magic E) none of these 13 The term "Neolithic era" originally meant one thing, but today has come to refer toA) the early stages of agricultural society. B) the agricultural transition. C) the era in which the peoples began to use polished stone tools. D) the era in which people began to live permanently in villages. E) all of these. 14 By about 5000 B.C.E., agriculture had displaced hunting and gathering societies in several regions of the world, primarily becauseA) cultivation required much less work than hunting and gathering. B) cultivation provided a relatively stable and regular supply of food. C) human beings had mastered agricultural knowledge and technique. D) agriculture led to a more varied diet. E) None of these are correct. 15 All of the following social changes were brought about by agriculture exceptA) population growth. B) the emergence of villages and towns. C) the invention of writing. D) the specialization of labor. E) the emergence of social classes. 16 The site of Jericho was one of the earliest knownA) agricultural sites. B) towns. C) cities. D) villages. E) temples. 17 Three Neolithic industries that illustrate the greatest potential of specialized labor includeA) stone tool making, leather, and jewelry. B) wood carving, beads, and baskets. C) pottery, metallurgy, and textiles. D) furs, fish, and grain. E) none of these. 18 Çatal Hüyük is an archaeological site in Anatolia from Neolithic times in which one can readily see evidence ofA) specialization of labor. B) iron production. C) long-distance trade. D) writing. E) all of these. 19 The belief that Neolithic religious thought clearly reflected the natural world of early agricultural society is based on observation ofA) religious texts. B) representations of gods and goddesses. C) cave paintings. D) fossils. E) priests' burial sites. 20 Cities first emerged from agricultural villages and towns inA) the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. B) Egypt. C) China. D) India. E) South America.