Biology, Eighth Edition (Raven)

Chapter 36: Plant Form

Learning Outcomes

• Understand the nature and importance of the three kinds of plant meristem cells.
• Indicate the identity and function of the three basic tissue types in plants.
• Explain primary growth and understand how it differs from secondary growth.
• Describe each of the plant cell types, its function, and indicate whether the cell is capable of further division.
• Know what types of cells are present in xylem and phloem and how each functions.
• Describe the four zones of growth in roots and how growth occurs in each zone. What different root morphologies exist?
• Identify the most obvious external components of stems. Are all stem morphologies identical?
• Understand how leaf growth differs from that of roots and stems. Are all leaf morphologies identical?
• Structurally differentiate among monocot, herbaceous eudicot, and woody eudicot stems, and between monocot and eudicot roots.
• Understand the roles of vascular cambium and cork cambium in secondary growth. Where and how do these tissues differentiate?
• Understand what wood is, how it is formed, and what is indicated by its annual growth rings.
• Describe the structure of a typical leaf and how that structure relates to the process of photosynthesis.