Biology, Eighth Edition (Raven)

Chapter 50: Temperature, Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

Post Test

1
The smallest mammals are shrews weighing about one gram. What is one major factor limiting size in mammals? (p. 1021)
A)Small animals have a lower metabolic rate per unit body mass relative to large mammals.
B)Small animals have a higher metabolic rate per unit body mass relative to large mammals.
C)the surface area to volume ratio
D)the rate of evaporative cooling
E)none of the above
2
What would happen if you put a hagfish into freshwater? (p. 1024)
A)Its kidneys would work harder to eliminate excess water.
B)It would lose its internal ionic balance and die.
C)Active transport of inorganic ions would occur to counter their loss by osmosis.
D)none of the above
3
Why has the vertebrate kidney evolved to initially filter virtually everything from blood plasma? (p.1026)
A)It is an evolutionary constraint and results in a waste of energy.
B)This is the only way in which some molecules can be removed from the blood.
C)It occurs automatically as a result of the structure of the nephron.
D)This allows selective reabsorption and greater control of body fluids.
E)both b and d
4
Elasmobranchs (sharks, etc,): (p. 1027)
A)are hypotonic to sea water.
B)maintain a high blood urea concentration.
C)continuously drink water.
D)actively transport ions across their gills into the blood.
E)all of the above
5
Reptiles, birds and insects secrete uric acid that requires energy to synthesize. What is the most important advantage(s) of this? (p. 1029)
A)It is less toxic than ammonia.
B)It is insoluble in water so water is conserved when it is excreted.
C)It does not affect the development of the embryo in the egg.
D)It is easy to synthesize.
E)both b and c
6
What events occur in the proximal convoluted tubule in the loop of Henle? (p. 1033)
A)active transport of Na+ and Cl- out, movement of water out by osmosis
B)active transport of Na+ and Cl- in, movement of water in by osmosis
C)active transport of Na+ out, movement of water out by osmosis
D)active transport of Cl- out, movement of water out by osmosis
E)movement of water out by osmosis
7
What would happen if the production of renin in your body was suddenly blocked? (p. 1036)
A)You would experience severe stomach pains.
B)Angiotensin I could be produced but not angiotensin II.
C)Your body could not increase blood volume in response to low blood pressure.
D)Your body could not increase blood volume in response to high blood pressure.
E)both b and c
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