How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education, 5/e

Jack R. Fraenkel, San Francisco State University
Norman E. Wallen, San Francisco State University

Internal Validity

True/False


1	The particular locations in which data are collected, or in which an investigation is carried out, may create alternative explanations for any results that are obtained.
		A)	TRUE
		B)	FALSE


2	Internal validity refers to the extent to which the results obtained with a sample apply to the population.
		A)	TRUE
		B)	FALSE


3	Instrument decay is when administration or scoring of observations during a study is inconsistent.
		A)	TRUE
		B)	FALSE


4	The Hawthorne effect occurs when participants in a study change behaviors because they are participating in a study.
		A)	TRUE
		B)	FALSE


5	A testing threat to internal validity occurs when a pretest changes scores on a posttest.
		A)	TRUE
		B)	FALSE


6	When a study lacks internal validity, one or more alternative hypotheses exist to explain the outcomes of the study. These alternative hypotheses are referred to by researchers as threats to internal validity.
		A)	TRUE
		B)	FALSE


7	The attitude of subjects toward a study is not a threat to internal validity.
		A)	TRUE
		B)	FALSE


8	When an experimental group experiences events during the course of a study that are unintended and not a necessary part of the method, the study may experience what is referred to as the Hawthorne effect.
		A)	TRUE
		B)	FALSE


9	Sometimes change during an intervention study may be due more to factors associated with the passing of time than to the intervention itself. This is known as a maturation threat.
		A)	TRUE
		B)	FALSE


10	Location is a threat to internal validity when the research is conducted in unfamiliar surroundings.
		A)	TRUE
		B)	FALSE

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