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Multiple Choice
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1

Which of the following best describes the term, "homeostatic mechanism"?
A)body balance
B)opponent-process
C)lateral inhibition
D)instinct
2

Which brain area regulates hunger by controlling the level of sugar in the blood?
A)the lateral area of the hypothalamus
B)the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
C)the ventromedial area of the thalamus
D)the lateral area of the thalamus
3

Which chemical messenger sends the hypothalamus information about fat levels in the body?
A)insulin
B)glucagon
C)epinephrine
D)leptin
4

Which of the following is a long-term regulator of eating behavior?
A)set point
B)blood sugar
C)stomach contractions
D)stomach size
5

When the level of salts increases outside of cells
A)glucagon is released from the liver.
B)antidiuretic hormone is released into the bloodstream.
C)a message to stop drinking is sent to the cerebral cortex.
D)insulin is released by the pancreas.
6

Which of the following is not a physiological regulator of thirst?
A)total blood volume
B)cell fluid levels
C)leptin levels
D)mouth dryness
7

Which concept is closely related to the need for stimulation?
A)optimal level of arousal theory
B)achievement motivation
C)opponent-process theory
D)fear of failure
8

Severe test anxiety often leads to poor test performance. Which idea best supports this observation?
A)the Yerkes-Dodson law
B)fear of failure
C)the need for achievement
D)the need for affiliation
9

Which condition would most strongly strengthen the need to affiliate?
A)feeling relaxed and wishing to socialize with others
B)feeling frightened about our own wellbeing
C)feeling worried about a friend's self-destructive behavior
D)feeling the need to celebrate a success
10

Soloman's opponent-process theory of motivation might explain why an individual
A)is uncomfortable spending time alone.
B)engages in high-risk activities.
C)develops a fear of success.
D)is high in achievement motivation.
11

Which need is at the very bottom of Maslow's pyramid?
A)self-esteem needs
B)love and belongingness needs
C)safety and security needs
D)biological needs
12

According to the James-Lange theory of emotions,
A)physiological arousal and the experience of emotion occur simultaneously.
B)the experience of emotion precedes physiological arousal.
C)physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotion.
D)emotion is dependent on cognitive appraisal of environmental cues.
13

According to the Cannon-Bard theory, how are physiological arousal and the cognitive experience of emotion related?
A)Physiological arousal and the cognitive experience are two independent events.
B)Physiological arousal comes first and the cognitive experience follows.
C)The cognitive experience comes first and physiological arousal follows.
D)Because cognitive experience can be altered by environmental cues, it comes first and then arousal follows.
14

In terms of happiness, which statement is false?
A)Happy people compare themselves less to other people.
B)Genetics have very little influence over levels of happiness.
C)Extraverted people report higher levels of happiness.
D)Happy people experience fewer uncontrollable stressful events.
15

Which theorist claimed that we aggress only if we have learned that aggression leads to rewards?
A)Bandura
B)Freud
C)Dollard
D)Solomon





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