History of Prisons. Two of the best recent references on this topic are: Eric Monkkonen, Crime and Justice in American History: Prisons and Jails (New York: K.G. Saur, 1992); Lawrence M. Friedman, Crime and Punishment in American History (New York: Basic Books, 1993). John W. Roberts, Reform and Retribution:An Illustrated History of American Prisons (Lanham, MD: American Correctional Association, 1997).
Federal Bureau of Prisons. The Bureau of Prisons has an extensive Web site with information about the entire system's institutions, inmates, and employment. Internet http://www.bop.gov.
Rikers Island. The New York City Department of Correction has put together a good Web site with some interesting historical material on the city jail system, including its history, programs, and current statistics. Internet http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/doc/home.html.
Human Rights Watch. Human Rights Watch monitors prison conditions around the world and has numerous reports that can be accessed from their Web site http://www.hrw.org.
American Jails. There are two important works that should not be overlooked: Ronald Goldfarb, Jails: The Ultimate Ghetto of the Criminal Justice System (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1976); and John Irwin, The Jail: Managing the Underclass in American Society (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985).
