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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
Which of the following did NOT involve physical restraint as a means of punishment during colonial times?
A)the ducking stool
B)the stocks and pillory
C)the scarlet letter
D)the brank
E)the bilboes
2
Which of the following was NOT one of the ideas presented in Cesare Beccaria's An Essay on Crimes and Punishment?
A)the law should be specific about the offenses and their punishments
B)the presumption of innocence should be the guiding factor in the administration of justice
C)the nature of the punishment should correspond with the offense
D)capital punishment was acceptable in cases of murder
E)the prevention of crime is more effective than the punishment associated with crimes
3
What was the name of the first American penitentiary?
A)Alcatraz Island Penitentiary
B)the Walnut Street Jail
C)the William Penn Jail
D)Auburn Prison
E)none of the above
4
Which of the following is NOT a virtue that was stressed by supporters of the prison system called the "separate system" where inmates were kept in solitary confinement?
A)the protection of possible moral contamination through evil association
B)the invitation to self-examination and self-reproach in solitude
C)the great ease of administration of discipline
D)the possibility of a great degree of individuality of treatment
E)the ability to talk about one's reform with visiting family members
5
Under which system did the prisoners receive a share of the profits as the result of their labors?
A)the state account system
B)the lease system
C)the piece-price system
D)the contract system
6
Which of the following was NOT one of Maconochie's principles during his implementation of a more treatment oriented correctional scheme?
A)sentences should not be based on time, but based on a determined and specified quantity of labor
B)the quantity of labor that a prisoner must perform is subject to the amount of "marks" which he earns by improvement of conduct, frugality of living, and habits of industry
C)while in prison, a prisoner should earn everything he receives; the food and shelter should be added to his debt of marks
D)prisoners must learn a trade during their incarceration
E)prisoners should work in small groups, and the behavior and labor of each individual is the responsibility of the whole group
7
What was NOT one of the four stages of treatment of the Irish system of reform?
A)the ticket of leave
B)the intermediate stage during which inmates were permitted to work on outside jobs
C)complete silence must be observed by all prisoners
D)solitary confinement at monotonous labor for a period of two years
E)congregate labor under a marking system
8
Which of the following was NOT listed as a reason that the number of people convicted of federal crimes drastically increased during the 1920s?
A)the Mann Act
B)the Harrison Act
C)the Volstead Act
D)the National Motor Vehicle Theft Act
E)the Crofton Act
9
What was NOT mentioned as one way to reduce overcrowded jail populations?
A)the use of work-release programs
B)the wider use of release on recognizance
C)the use of citations rather than jail terms for more offenses
D)the ability of prisoners to receive educational degrees while in prison and as a result reducing the risk of repeat crimes being committed
10
Which of the following is true about electronic monitoring?
A)it is the solution to jail crowding
B)it saves money
C)it will replace probation officers
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
11
Corporal punishment involved physical infliction of pain upon the offender.
A)True
B)False
12
The classical criminologists argued that all behavior is based on the pleasure-pain principle and were instrumental in making the law impartial and reducing the harshness of penalties.
A)True
B)False
13
Supporters of the "separate system" believed that solitary confinement of hardened criminals would prevent recidivism.
A)True
B)False
14
The Hawes-Cooper Act promoted the sale of goods produced by prisoners throughout the country.
A)True
B)False
15
Recent research has found home incarceration to be a safe and effective community sanction for low-level offenders.
A)True
B)False





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