Take the following practice exam as a review of key terms, ideas, and concepts discussed in Chapter 14.

1			The modern day counterpart to "banishment" as a form of punishment is
			A)	exile.
			B)	expatriation.
			C)	transportation.
			D)	deportation.
2			The colonial device that shackled a convicted slanderer by the feet to a wooden stake was known as the
			A)	stocks.
			B)	pillory.
			C)	bilboes.
			D)	brank.
3			Confinement in the ____________ in colonial days could be highly serious punishment because, in addition to the humiliation it engendered, offenders could also be whipped, have their ears torn apart, or even be stoned to death.
			A)	pillory
			B)	ducking stool
			C)	brank
			D)	bilboes
4			At the basis of the classical doctrine of criminal law and criminology was the notion that
			A)	the criminal law placed restrictions on freedom.
			B)	man was responsible for his behavior.
			C)	the punishment should fit the crime.
			D)	criminal sanctions must not be arbitrary.
5			The major flaw of the classical doctrine of criminal law was that
			A)	it made no allowances for mitigating circumstances.
			B)	it tended to favor the rich.
			C)	it increased the number of punishments.
			D)	none of the above.
			E)	all of the above.
6			"Hedonism," as it was described in the writings of the classical theorists such as Beccaria and Romilly, referred to the
			A)	infamous "bloody codes."
			B)	harshness of penalties.
			C)	pleasure-pain principle.
			D)	pains of punishment.
7			The American prison system was initiated by
			A)	John Howard.
			B)	Zebulon Brockway.
			C)	Homer S. Cummings.
			D)	William Penn.
8			Most influential to the beginnings of the American prison experience was (were) the
			A)	Pilgrims.
			B)	Quakers.
			C)	Catholic Church.
			D)	Salvation Army.
9			The attractiveness of the silent system was primarily due to its
			A)	efficient custody.
			B)	economic advantages.
			C)	simple architecture.
			D)	all of the above.
10			The "lock-step" at early Auburn Prison was
			A)	a prison within a prison.
			B)	a marching formation.
			C)	a security device.
			D)	a gate latch.
11			One of the first Americans to implement a reformatory approach to corrections was
			A)	Alexander Maconochie.
			B)	Walter Crofton.
			C)	Zebulon Brockway.
			D)	Lewis E. Lawes.
12			The "ticket-of-leave" instituted by Walter Crofton represented the first attempt at what has become known as
			A)	parole.
			B)	probation.
			C)	mandatory release.
			D)	bail.
13			During the early decades of this century, there was opposition to prison industries because they
			A)	exploited inmate labor.
			B)	were threats to free enterprise.
			C)	were counter to rehabilitative ideals.
			D)	were threats to prison security.
14			During the nineteenth century, federal prisoners were housed in state institutions because
			A)	there were so few federal prisoners that separate facilities were not considered necessary.
			B)	the only federal institutions were on Indian reservations.
			C)	there was only one federal penitentiary.
			D)	the existing federal prisons were leftovers from the Revolutionary War and were not fit for human habitation.
15			The result of the convictions generated by the Mann, Harrison, Volstead, and Motor Vehicle Theft Acts was
			A)	a reduction in the number of federal offenders.
			B)	the crime wave of the 1930s.
			C)	a new federal crime code.
			D)	the creation of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
16			Alcatraz Island Penitentiary was
			A)	the most repressive maximum-security prison in the nation.
			B)	the model prison of the federal system.
			C)	an effective deterrent for incorrigible criminals.
			D)	an example of the "best" and the "worst" of American prisons.
17			The American jail population is composed primarily of
			A)	women.
			B)	convicted felons awaiting sentence.
			C)	unarraigned defendants.
			D)	arrestees with histories of drug abuse.
18			The American prison system began in the city of
			A)	Boston.
			B)	New York.
			C)	Richmond.
			D)	Baltimore.
			E)	Philadelphia.
19			Under the lease system of prison labor,
			A)	contractors assumed complete control over inmates.
			B)	only the inmates' work was supervised by the contractors.
			C)	most work was in the area of manufacturing.
			D)	manufactured goods were sold on the open market.