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The process of monitoring and evaluating how well an organization is achieving its goals and taking action to maintain or improve performance; one of the four principal functions of management.
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The output of goods and services relative to the inputs.
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Comparing performance on specific dimensions with the performance of high-performing organizations.
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A technique for improving performance based on error-free production and service provision.
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An approach to continuous improvements in quality at every stage of production.
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Formal target-setting, monitoring, evaluation, and feedback systems that provide managers with information about how well the organization’s strategy and structure are working.
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The process of managing the use of materials and other resources in producing an organization’s goods and services.
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The system that an organization uses to acquire inputs, convert the inputs into outputs, and dispose of the outputs.
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Managers who are responsible for managing an organization’s production system.
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Control that allows managers to anticipate and deal with potential problems.
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Control that gives managers immediate feedback on how efficiently inputs are being transformed into outputs so that managers can correct problems as they arise.
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Control that gives managers information about customers’ reactions to goods and services so that corrective action can be taken if necessary.
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A budget that states how managers intend to use organizational resources to achieve organizational goals.
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The processes companies use to be accountable to stakeholders, including investors, employees, the environment, and communities.
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A system of evaluating subordinates for their ability to achieve specific organizational goals or performance standards.
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Control of behaviour by means of a comprehensive system of rules and standard operating procedures.
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Rules and policies that standardize behaviours.
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Managerial control through administering punishment when undesired workplace behaviours, such as absenteeism, lack of punctuality, and low performance, are exhibited, in an attempt to decrease their frequency.
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Control exerted on individuals and groups in an organization by shared values, norms, standards of behaviour, and expectations.
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