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| 1 | |
Motivation consists of psychological forces that determine all but which of these? |
| | A) | The direction of a person's behaviour in an organization. |
| | B) | A person's level of effort. |
| | C) | A person's level of persistence. |
| | D) | A person's desire for success. |
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| 2 | |
Behaviour that is performed to acquire material or social rewards is said to be _______________. |
| | A) | instrumental |
| | B) | merit based |
| | C) | externally rewarded |
| | D) | extrinsically motivated |
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| 3 | |
All of the following are examples of Herzberg's hygiene needs EXCEPT: |
| | A) | job security. |
| | B) | responsibility. |
| | C) | pay. |
| | D) | effective supervision. |
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| 4 | |
Maslow's hierarchy of needs includes all of the following needs EXCEPT: |
| | A) | physiological. |
| | B) | psychological. |
| | C) | belongingness. |
| | D) | self-actualization. |
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| 5 | |
In expectancy theory, ____ is a perception about the extent of which effort will result in a certain level of performance. |
| | A) | effort |
| | B) | expectancy |
| | C) | valence |
| | D) | instrumentality |
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| 6 | |
_____ in expectancy theory is a perception about the extent to which performance will result in the attainment of outcomes. |
| | A) | Expectancy |
| | B) | Valence |
| | C) | Instrumentality |
| | D) | Effort |
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| 7 | |
According to expectancy theory, high levels of motivation will result from high levels of all of the following EXCEPT: |
| | A) | expectancy. |
| | B) | valence. |
| | C) | effort. |
| | D) | instrumentality. |
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| 8 | |
Expectancy theory focuses on the relationships between which three factors? |
| | A) | Needs, effort, and persistence |
| | B) | Needs, performance, and inputs |
| | C) | Inputs, performance, and outcomes |
| | D) | Needs, performance, and outcomes |
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| 9 | |
In goal-setting theory it is important for people to do all of these EXCEPT: |
| | A) | set the goals. |
| | B) | accept the goals. |
| | C) | be committed to the goals. |
| | D) | receive feedback about their performance. |
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| 10 | |
Goal setting theory suggests goals should be:
I. financially rewarding
II. difficult
III. specific
IV. easy to measure |
| | A) | II and III |
| | B) | I, III and IV |
| | C) | II, III and IV |
| | D) | I and IV |
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| 11 | |
Which of the following is used to motivate others to repeat desired behaviours? |
| | A) | Positive reinforcement |
| | B) | Negative reinforcement |
| | C) | Punishment |
| | D) | Both positive and negative reinforcement |
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| 12 | |
Inequity exists when _____________. |
| | A) | A person receives less pay than their referent |
| | B) | A person works harder than their referent |
| | C) | A person's output/input ratio differs from the referent's |
| | D) | All of the above |
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| 13 | |
According to equity theory, when people experience underpayment equity, they restore equity by doing all of the following EXCEPT: |
| | A) | change their perception to realize they are contributing more than they thought. |
| | B) | ask for a raise. |
| | C) | choose a more appropriate referent. |
| | D) | reduce work hours or be absent. |
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| 14 | |
Regarding pay as a motivator, which of the following statements is false? |
| | A) | Pay is an outcome that has low valence for many. |
| | B) | Pay can be used to satisfy several types of needs. |
| | C) | Pay should be linked to attainment of goals. |
| | D) | Pay should be linked to performance. |
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