Multiple Choice Quiz


1	________________ concerns the development of motives, capabilities, interests and behavior that have to do with performance in evaluative situations.
		A)	School performance
		B)	Self-efficacy
		C)	Achievement
		D)	Intrinsic motivation


2	Fear of failure is likely to develop in a child in which parenting setting?
		A)	Parenting that rewards success and overlooks failure
		B)	Parenting that encourages autonomy and independence
		C)	Parenting that sets unrealistically high standards and expectations
		D)	Parenting that emphasizes doing the best work possible


3	The extent to which an individual strives for success is known as
		A)	need for achievement
		B)	fear of failure
		C)	intrinsic motivation
		D)	self-efficacy


4	Intrinsically motivated youngsters tend to work hard to
		A)	receive money.
		B)	get good grades.
		C)	learn the material.
		D)	avoid parental disapproval.


5	An underachiever is someone who
		A)	achieves lower scores on measures of scholastic ability than one would expect for the grades achieved.
		B)	achieves scores on measures of scholastic ability that are consonant with grades achieved.
		C)	achieves higher scores on measures of scholastic ability than one would expect for the grades achieved.
		D)	none of the above.


6	The measured difference in math ability between male and female adolescents in the United States is
		A)	very small
		B)	moderate
		C)	large
		D)	very large


7	One of the explanations currently put forth by social scientists to explain the achievement gap between male and female adolescents in math and science is
		A)	lack of ability
		B)	fear of success
		C)	lack of extrinsic motivation
		D)	all of the above


8	Having confidence in one's ability is known as
		A)	intrinsic motivation
		B)	need for achievement
		C)	fear of failure
		D)	self-efficacy


9	When youngsters attribute their failure to a lack of effort, they are likely to _________ in subsequent tasks.
		A)	work harder
		B)	work less
		C)	work at the same level
		D)	be very anxious


10	The most important influence on educational achievement is
		A)	peers
		B)	school
		C)	family
		D)	community


11	Poorest school performance has been found among young people whose parents are
		A)	permissive
		B)	authoritative
		C)	authoritarian
		D)	inconsistent


12	High rates of dropping out of school are associated with ____________ parenting.
		A)	authoritarian
		B)	authoritative
		C)	democratic
		D)	permissive


13	Which of the following is considered cultural capital?
		A)	music
		B)	vacuum cleaner
		C)	newspaper
		D)	all of the above


14	Negative peer influence on educational achievement has been well documented by Fordham and Ogbu in
		A)	Asian American youth
		B)	White youth
		C)	African American youth
		D)	Native American youth


15	School performance is typically measured by
		A)	performance on standardized tests
		B)	the grades students earn in school
		C)	the number of years of schooling completed
		D)	all of the above


16	Who is the most salient influence on adolescents' day-to-day school behavior (i.e., doing homework)?
		A)	peers
		B)	parents
		C)	teachers
		D)	grandparents


17	Intelligence test performance is _____________ correlated with performance on achievement tests.
		A)	weakly
		B)	moderately
		C)	highly
		D)	rarely


18	Felner and his colleagues have determined that _____ is an important mediating variable between socioeconomic status and educational achievement.
		A)	social support
		B)	cultural capital
		C)	stress
		D)	financial instability


19	Successful students from poor socioeconomic backgrounds tend to have more ___________ than unsuccessful students from similar backgrounds.
		A)	money
		B)	free time
		C)	social support
		D)	all of the above


20	Who tends to perform the best in school?
		A)	Asian American youth
		B)	White youth
		C)	African American youth
		D)	Native American youth


21	What percentage of young people go on to postsecondary education in the United States?
		A)	25
		B)	33
		C)	50
		D)	66


22	Who is most likely to drop out of high school?
		A)	Hispanic youth
		B)	White youth
		C)	African American youth
		D)	Native American youth


23	What percentage of young people drop out of high school in the United States?
		A)	10
		B)	25
		C)	33
		D)	50


24	What percentage of all White adults in the U.S. aged 25 or over are college graduates?
		A)	10
		B)	25
		C)	33
		D)	50


25	Data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress found that 17-year-olds in 1999 scored __________ better than their counterparts did in the early 1970's in reading.
		A)	no
		B)	slightly
		C)	much
		D)	none of the above


26	Donald Super believed that occupational plans crystallize during
		A)	early adolescence
		B)	middle adolescence
		C)	late adolescence
		D)	young adulthood


27	When a young person is considering a career in the mental health profession and is comparing the fields of social work, counseling, and clinical psychology in order to make an occupational decision, he or she is in what stage of occupational planning?
		A)	implementation
		B)	crystallization
		C)	consolidation
		D)	specification


28	Who has developed a theory of occupational decision-making based on personality factors?
		A)	Donald Super
		B)	Laurence Steinberg
		C)	John Holland
		D)	John Ogbu


29	According to Kohn, middle-class youngsters are more likely to be socialized to value
		A)	obedience
		B)	autonomy
		C)	conformity
		D)	all of the above


30	Young people who believe that failure is inevitable have developed
		A)	learned helplessness
		B)	extrinsic motivation
		C)	fear of failure
		D)	test anxiety


31	Eccles has found that parents of sons are more likely to attribute their child's math success to _____, whereas parents of daughters are more likely attribute their child's math success to ______.
		A)	effort; ability
		B)	luck; task difficulty
		C)	effort; luck
		D)	ability; effort


32	Students tend to achieve more in schools that
		A)	use solo teaching versus team teaching.
		B)	use ability grouping.
		C)	take a personal approach to students.
		D)	are departmentalized.


33	The number of years of schooling completed is typically referred to as
		A)	school performance
		B)	academic achievement
		C)	educational attainment
		D)	educational achievement


34	The Self-Directed Search is
		A)	a computer program that assists young people in finding jobs.
		B)	a personality inventory to assist young people with occupational planning.
		C)	a technique used by employers to match employees with positions.
		D)	none of the above.

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