Section 5.1 Integers: Develops the historical background for positive and negative integers and uses several models including the black and red chips model to illustrate the four basic operations on integers. Subsections: Positive and Negative Integers; Uses of Integers; Models for Integers; Addition; Subtraction; Multiplication; Division; Inequality; Properties of Integers; Mental Calculations; Estimation; Problem-Solving Application. One-page Math Activity: Addition and Subtraction with Black and Red Tiles.
Section 5.2 Introduction to Fractions: Illustrates the part-to-whole and ratio concepts of fractions through several models, including Fraction Bars and Cuisenaire Rods. Subsections: Fraction Terminology; Models for Fractions; Equality of Fractions; Common Denominators; Inequality; Density of Fractions; Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions; Mental Calculations; Estimation; Problem-Solving Application. One-page Math Activity: Equality and Inequality with Fraction Bars.
Section 5.3 Operations with Fractions: Illustrates the four basic operations on fractions with Fraction Bars to provide background for understanding algorithms. Subsections: Addition; Subtraction; Multiplication; Division; Number Properties; Mental Calculations; Estimation; Problem-Solving Application. One-page Math Activity: Operations with Fraction Bars.
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