Define the term "arable land" and explain why such land was so important to the survival and success of different peoples and societies in the Egyptian and Mesopotamian areas.
Provide a short, geographic explanation for the location and shapes of the Egyptian and Mesopotamian empires, as represented on the maps.
How did the geographies of Egypt and Mesopotamia differ?
Most of the various kingdoms and societies of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia emerged in river valley areas. How would you explain this? What conditions were common to both areas? Consider geographic, technological, economic, and political factors in your answer.
What factors led to the growth of the African slave trade, especially after the 11th century C.E.? Did the trading routes for the slaves correspond to the long-distance trading routes of the time? If so, why do you think that was so?
How did the arrival of Islam and Christianity affect the historical development of Sub-Saharan Africa?
Why did societies on the coastal areas of Sub-Saharan Africa develop in such different ways from inland societies? Why did interior societies remain relatively stateless?
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