Biology, Eighth Edition (Raven)

Chapter 22: The Origin of Species

Post Test

1
Ring species are species that have an extensive geographic distribution (e.g. circumpolar). The two populations at each end are reproductively isolated from each other but are connected by a geographic ring of populations that can interbreed. This is important because it shows that: (p .434)
A)geographical variation exists within a species.
B)sympatric speciation is not necessary.
C)intra-specific differences can be large enough to produce an inter-species difference.
D)different species living in the same area do not interbreed.
E)both a and d
2
Suppose you find two sympatric species of bird that mate readily in the laboratory and produce fertile offspring, but appear to be distinct species in nature. This would indicate that: (p. 434 - 435)
A)they also interbreed freely with each other in nature but this has just not been observed.
B)they are in fact the same species.
C)there are pre-zygotic isolating mechanism that keep them reproductively isolated.
D)the biological species concept is inadequate in this instance.
E)both a and b
3
Two distinct species of fish are very similar in appearance when they are allopatric, but when they are sympatric there are considerable differences in color pattern. What is the most likely cause of this? (p. 439)
A)they are hybrids
B)reinforcement of isolating mechanisms
C)selection by predators
D)all of the above are possible
4
Why is the term isolating mechanism misleading? (p. 440)
A)Usually it does not involve anything mechanical.
B)Species are not, in fact, ever completely reproductively isolated.
C)It implies that these traits specifically evolved for the purpose of genetically isolating a species.
D)all of the above
5
An allotetraploid was formed through hybridization between two parental species, one with haploid number n1 = 4, and the other with n2 = 2. How many chromosomes would you see in the somatic cells of the hybrid? (p. 442)
A)12
B)10
C)6
D)8
E)16
6
Adaptive radiation can result in: (p. 443)
A)a key innovation.
B)character displacement.
C)allopatric speciation.
D)both a and c
7
Mass extinction is evidence for the punctuated equilibrium hypothesis of speciation. (p. 448)
A)True
B)False
8
What was particularly significant about the mass extinction that occurred 65 million years ago? (p.449)
A)It was the largest mass extinction recorded.
B)It led to the adaptive radiation of the placental mammals.
C)It wiped out all marine life.
D)It affected all species equally.
E)all of the above
9
__________ is likely to be the major agent of future human evolutionary change. (p. 450)
A)Genetic drift
B)Genetic engineering
C)Mutation
D)Natural selection
E)all of the above
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