McGraw-Hill OnlineMcGraw-Hill Higher EducationLearning Center
Student Center | Instructor Center | information Center | Home
Career Resources and Options
Summarizing & Paraphrasing
Internet Primer
Electronic Research
Study Skills Primer
Evaluating Sources
Northern Lights Search Engine
Research and Writing Links
Avoiding Plagiarism
Links for URLs Mentioned
Adjective and Adverb Forms
Adjectives
Apostrophes
Articles and Nouns
Comma Errors
Comma Splices
Dangling Modifiers
Faulty Parallelism in Lists
Faulty Parallelism-Conjunction
Misplaced Modifiers
Mixed Constructions
Necessary Commas - 1
Necessary Commas - 2
Feedback
Help Center


Reasoning and Writing Well: A Rhetoric, Research Guide, Reader, and Handbook, 3/e
Betty Mattix Dietsch, Marion Technical College

Grammar Exercises 1

Necessary Commas - 1

Definition: A comma is necessary in each of these ten situations:

  1. To set off introductory elements.
  2. To set of nonessential (nonrestrictive) elements.
  3. To separate independent clauses in a compound sentence.
  4. To separate coordinate adjectives.
  5. To separate three or more items in a series.
  6. To set off transitions, parenthetical elements, absolute phrases, and contrasts.
  7. To set off nouns of direct address, tag questions, words such as yes and no, and interjections.
  8. To set off phrases of attribution, such as "she said," that identify the source of a quotation.
  9. To separate the parts of dates, addresses, and numbers.
  10. To prevent confusion.

Directions: From the lettered choices following each numbered exercise, identify the revision that correctly adds commas where necessary. Some sentences may already be correct.



1

Most instructors are fair when they grade student papers but Dr. Goodfellow seems to be unusually harsh.
A)Most instructors are fair when they grade student papers, but Dr. Goodfellow, seems to be unusually harsh.
B)Most instructors are fair when they grade student papers, but Dr. Goodfellow seems to be unusually harsh.
C)Most instructors are fair when they grade student papers, but, Dr. Goodfellow seems to be unusually harsh.
2

To see her brother this summer Deborah will have to go to his farm in Iowa.
A)To see her brother this summer Deborah will have to go to his farm in Iowa.
B)To see her brother this summer, Deborah will have to go to his farm in Iowa.
C)To see her brother this summer, Deborah will have to go, to his farm in Iowa.
3

The sheets were absolutely beautiful but Toni didn't think she could afford them.
A)The sheets were absolutely beautiful, but Toni didn't think she could afford them.
B)The sheets were absolutely beautiful but Toni didn't think, she could afford them.
C)The sheets were absolutely beautiful but Toni didn't think she could afford them.
4

Rebecca was born on November 14 1980 in Dallas Texas.
A)Rebecca was born on November, 14, 1980 in Dallas Texas.
B)Rebecca was born on November 14, 1980, in Dallas, Texas.
C)Rebecca was born on November 14, 1980, in Dallas Texas.
5

The men and women employed by Johnson Steel work overtime almost every week.
A)The men and women employed by Johnson Steel, work overtime almost every week.
B)The men and women employed by Johnson Steel work overtime, almost every week.
C)The men and women employed by Johnson Steel work overtime almost every week.
6

When Mitsuko begins to serve she bounces the ball twice and takes a deep breath.
A)When Mitsuko begins to serve she bounces the ball twice and takes a deep breath.
B)When Mitsuko begins to serve, she bounces the ball twice, and takes a deep breath.
C)When Mitsuko begins to serve, she bounces the ball twice and takes a deep breath.
7

Felix was eager to go to Miami especially after he heard that Garth Brooks would be playing there.
A)Felix was eager to go to Miami especially after he heard that Garth Brooks would be playing there.
B)Felix was eager to go to Miami, especially after he heard that Garth Brooks would be playing there.
C)Felix, was eager to go to Miami, especially after he heard that, Garth Brooks, would be playing there.
8

Jarrod's new Calvin Klein jeans for which he paid $60 already have a big rip in them.
A)Jarrod's new Calvin Klein jeans, for which he paid $60, already have a big rip in them.
B)Jarrod's new Calvin Klein jeans for which he paid $60 already have a big rip in them.
C)Jarrod's new Calvin Klein jeans, for which he paid $60 already have a big rip in them.
9

It is my belief Dr. Jones that the final exam should be delayed until after spring break.
A)It is my belief Dr. Jones that the final exam should be delayed until after spring break.
B)It is my belief, Dr. Jones, that the final exam should be delayed until after spring break.
C)It is my belief Dr. Jones that the final exam should be delayed, until after spring break.
10

A dark mysterious substance began to ooze from the television screen.
A)A dark, mysterious substance began to ooze from the television screen.
B)A dark, mysterious, substance began to ooze from the television screen.
C)A dark, mysterious substance began to ooze, from the television screen.
11

"Let's go to Miller's Dairy" said Jody "so that we can see if the cream really rises to the top."
A)"Let's go to Miller's Dairy" said Jody "so that we can see if the cream really rises to the top."
B)"Let's go to Miller's Dairy", said Jody, "so that we can see if the cream really rises to the top."
C)"Let's go to Miller's Dairy," said Jody, "so that we can see if the cream really rises to the top.
12

The following passage is adapted from student essay about the difficulty of growing up poor. Edit it, adding commas where necessary, by choosing the correct revisions from the alternatives offered below each of the numbered exercises.. The numbers in brackets [ ] identify each sentence.
Which one of the following editing choices correctly adds commas to sentences [1] and [2]?
A)Elementary school and food stamps may seem an unlikely pair, but for me, the two went almost hand in hand. Having had little education and having a family of six, my parents had to rely on the welfare system.
B)Elementary school, and food stamps may seem an unlikely pair but for me the two went almost hand in hand. Having had little education, and having a family of six my parents had to rely on the welfare system.
C)Elementary school and food stamps may seem an unlikely pair, but, for me, the two went almost hand in hand. Having had little education, and having a family of six, my parents had to rely on the welfare system.
13

Which one of the following editing choices corrects sentence [3]? Show sentences again.
A)Consequently, I was often sent to the store for groceries, and even at a young age, I can remember the feeling of having to pay for my items with what other people cruelly refer to as, "poor people's money."
B)Consequently, I was often sent to the store for groceries, and even at a young age I can remember the feeling of having to pay for my items with what other people cruelly refer to as "poor people's money."
C)Consequently I was often sent to the store for groceries, and even at a young age I can remember the feeling of having to pay for my items with, what other people cruelly refer to, as "poor people's money."
14

Which one of the following editing choices corrects sentence [4]? Show sentences again.
A)I can remember quite a few occasions, when I would see a friend or acquaintance in the store, and would wait, acting like I was looking for something until he or she had gone before I made my purchase.
B)I can remember quite a few occasions when I would see a friend or acquaintance in the store and would wait acting like I was looking for something until he or she had gone before I made my purchase.
C)I can remember quite a few occasions when I would see a friend or acquaintance in the store and would wait, acting like I was looking for something until he or she had gone before I made my purchase.
15

Which one of the following editing choices corrects sentence [5]? Show sentences again.
A)Nothing, however, could stop the feeling of panic when I was shopping with my mom, and one of my friends saw that we were paying with food stamps.
B)Nothing however could stop the feeling of panic, when I was shopping with my mom and one of my friends, saw that we were paying with food stamps.
C)Nothing, however, could stop the feeling of panic when I was shopping with my mom and one of my friends saw that we were paying with food stamps.
16

Which one of the following editing choices corrects sentence [6]? Show sentences again.
A)Even at such a young age, I understood that for the most part low-income families were treated differently, silently ridiculed or pitied by those who had money.
B)Even at such a young age, I understood that, for the most part, low-income families were treated differently, silently ridiculed, or pitied by those who had money.
C)Even at such a young age, I understood that for the most part low-income families were treated differently silently ridiculed or pitied by those who had money.
17

Which one of the following editing choices corrects sentences [7] and [8]? Show sentences again.
A)Even, children in elementary school treated welfare children differently, mostly by making fun of them with harsh names, or excluding them from their circle of friends. Most elementary children were not this way but it was surprising how many were.
B)Even children in elementary school treated welfare children differently, mostly by making fun of them with harsh names or excluding them from their circle of friends. Most elementary children were not this way, but it was surprising how many were.
C)Even, children in elementary school treated welfare children differently mostly by making fun of them with harsh names or excluding them from their circle of friends. Most elementary children were not this way but it was surprising how many were.
18

Which one of the following editing choices corrects sentences [9] and [10]? Show sentences again.
A)Junior high and all its hurdles came next. We didn't have to rely on food stamps during those years, but that meant that we struggled even more with the cash we did have.
B)Junior high and all its hurdles came next. We didn't have to rely on food stamps during those years but that meant that we struggled even more with the cash we did have.
C)Junior high, and all its hurdles came next. We didn't have to rely on food stamps during those years but that meant that we struggled, even more, with the cash we did have.
19

Which one of the following editing choices corrects sentences [11] and [12]? Show sentences again.
A)There were always holes in my shoes which weren't even the Nikes or Reeboks, that everyone else seemed to be wearing. Frequently I remember the clothes, that I wore, were mostly outdated, and mostly from second-hand stores.
B)There were always holes in my shoes, which weren't even the Nikes, or Reeboks that everyone else seemed to be wearing. Frequently I remember the clothes that I wore were mostly outdated, and mostly from second-hand stores.
C)There were always holes in my shoes, which weren't even the Nikes or Reeboks that everyone else seemed to be wearing. Frequently, I remember the clothes that I wore were mostly outdated and mostly from second-hand stores.
20

Which one of the following editing choices corrects sentences [13] - [15]? Show sentences again.
A)Next, groups started to form. People judged others by what they wore, and what they had. It was obvious to me which group I would be assigned to: the group of supposed losers, and nerds.
B)Next groups started to form. People judged others by what they wore and what they had. It was obvious to me which group I would be assigned to: the group of supposed losers and nerds.
C)Next, groups started to form. People judged others by what they wore and what they had. It was obvious to me which group I would be assigned to: the group of supposed losers and nerds.
21

Which one of the following editing choices corrects sentence [16]? Show sentences again.
A)Being pushed and bumped loomed in my future not to mention the endless sarcasm insults and jokes.
B)Being pushed and bumped loomed in my future, not to mention the endless sarcasm, insults, and jokes.
C)Being pushed and bumped loomed in my future not to mention the endless sarcasm insults, and jokes.
22

Which one of the following editing choices corrects sentence [17]? Show sentences again.
A)Junior high was a time to sit quietly, do my work, and watch my self-esteem get pushed six feet under the earth.
B)Junior high was a time to sit quietly do my work and watch my self-esteem get pushed six feet under the earth.
C)Junior high was a time to sit quietly, do my work and watch my self-esteem get pushed, six feet under the earth.