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Reasoning and Writing Well: A Rhetoric, Research Guide, Reader, and Handbook, 3/e
Betty Mattix Dietsch, Marion Technical College

Grammar Exercises 1

Necessary Commas - 2

Definition: A comma is necessary in each of these ten situations:

  1. To set off introductory elements.
  2. To set of nonessential (nonrestrictive) elements.
  3. To separate independent clauses in a compound sentence.
  4. To separate coordinate adjectives.
  5. To separate three or more items in a series.
  6. To set off transitions, parenthetical elements, absolute phrases, and contrasts.
  7. To set off nouns of direct address, tag questions, words such as yes and no, and interjections.
  8. To set off phrases of attribution, such as "she said," that identify the source of a quotation.
  9. To separate the parts of dates, addresses, and numbers.
  10. To prevent confusion.

Directions: From the lettered choices following each numbered exercise, identify the revision that correctly adds commas where necessary. Some sentences may already be correct.



1

The wedding ceremony was performed by Dr. Alvarez the man who baptized me when I was a baby in Topeka Kansas.
A)The wedding ceremony was performed by Dr. Alvarez the man, who baptized me when I was a baby, in Topeka Kansas.
B)The wedding ceremony was performed by Dr. Alvarez, the man who baptized me when I was a baby in Topeka, Kansas.
C)The wedding ceremony was performed by Dr. Alvarez the man who baptized me when I was a baby, in Topeka, Kansas.
2

Montpelier Vermont has one of the most beautiful state capitols in America.
A)Montpelier Vermont has one of the most beautiful state capitols in America.
B)Montpelier, Vermont, has one of the most beautiful state capitols in America.
C)Montpelier, Vermont has one of the most beautiful state capitols in America.
3

On that dark and stormy night we all stayed up late and told the scariest stories we could think of.
A)On that dark, and stormy night, we all stayed up late and told the scariest stories we could think of.
B)On that dark and stormy night, we all stayed up late and told the scariest stories we could think of.
C)On that dark and stormy night we all stayed up late and told the scariest stories we could think of.
4

When Shawn was younger her favorite groups were the Beatles Roxy Music King Crimson and the Doors.
A)When Shawn was younger her favorite groups were the Beatles Roxy Music King Crimson and the Doors.
B)When Shawn was younger, her favorite groups were the Beatles Roxy Music King Crimson, and the Doors.
C)When Shawn was younger, her favorite groups were the Beatles, Roxy Music, King Crimson, and the Doors.
5

Hoping to be considered for a promotion Ramon has registered for courses at Penwicker College.
A)Hoping to be considered for a promotion, Ramon has registered for courses at Penwicker College.
B)Hoping to be considered for a promotion Ramon has registered for courses at Penwicker College.
C)Hoping to be considered for a promotion Ramon, has registered for courses, at Penwicker College.
6

The parlor was full of people smoking smelly cigars so we decided to continue our conversation on the patio.
A)The parlor was full of people smoking smelly cigars so we decided to continue our conversation on the patio.
B)The parlor was full of people smoking smelly cigars, so we decided to continue our conversation on the patio.
C)The parlor was full of people, smoking smelly cigars, so we decided to continue our conversation on the patio.
7

The woman who was seated next to us on the plane worked at the United Nations.
A)The woman, who was seated next to us on the plane, worked, at the United Nations.
B)The woman, who was seated next to us on the plane worked, at the United Nations.
C)The woman who was seated next to us on the plane worked at the United Nations.
8

Joe began to dance like a man possessed during Green Day's opening song something we never thought we would see him do.
A)Joe began to dance like a man possessed during Green Day's opening song something we never thought we would see him do.
B)Joe began to dance like a man possessed during Green Day's opening song, something we never thought we would see him do.
C)Joe began to dance, like a man possessed, during Green Day's opening song something we never thought we would see him do.
9

Their lead singer a young man with lime green hair managed to do the splits between each song.
A)Their lead singer a young man with lime green hair managed to do the splits, between each song.
B)Their lead singer a young man with lime green hair managed to do the splits between each song.
C)Their lead singer, a young man with lime green hair, managed to do the splits between each song.
10

"Each of you needs to spend more time editing your work" stated the professor "especially if you want to publish anything."
A)"Each of you needs to spend more time editing your work" stated the professor "especially if you want to publish anything."
B)"Each of you needs to spend more time editing your work" stated the professor, "especially, if you want to publish anything."
C)"Each of you needs to spend more time editing your work," stated the professor, "especially if you want to publish anything."
11

The Lakers the Bulls the Sonics and the Celtics always seem to be the teams contending for the NBA title.
A)The Lakers the Bulls the Sonics and the Celtics always seem to be the teams contending for the NBA title.
B)The Lakers, the Bulls, the Sonics, and the Celtics always seem to be the teams contending for the NBA title.
C)The Lakers, the Bulls, the Sonics and the Celtics always seem to be the teams contending for the NBA title.
12

The following passage is adapted from a student essay discussing some of the myths about drinking alcohol. Edit it, adding commas where necessary, by choosing the correct revision from the alternatives offered below each of the numbered exercises. The numbers in brackets [ ] identify each sentence.
Which one of the following editing choices correctly adds commas to sentences [1] - [3]?
A)It is hard to believe that something that can seem so innocent, can really be something dangerous. Imagine this: It's 2 a.m. and you are hanging out with some friends. Everyone is pumped.
B)It is hard to believe that something that can seem so innocent can really be something dangerous. Imagine this: It's 2 a.m. and you are hanging out with some friends. Everyone is pumped.
C)It is hard to believe that something that can seem so innocent can really be something dangerous. Imagine this: It's 2 a.m. and, you are hanging out with some friends. Everyone is pumped.
13

Which one of the following editing choices correctly adds commas to sentences [4] - [6]? Show sentences again.
A)Music is blaring loudly and some drinks are being passed around. No one stops to think what all the drinking could lead to. But who cares?
B)Music is blaring loudly and some drinks are being passed around. No one stops to think, what all the drinking could lead to. But, who cares?
C)Music is blaring loudly, and some drinks are being passed around. No one stops to think what all the drinking could lead to. But who cares?
14

Which one of the following editing choices correctly adds commas to sentences [7] and [8]? Show sentences again.
A)As long as you and your friends are enjoying yourselves you may think it doesn't matter how you decide to pass the time. If only life were as simple as partying without worrying about any consequences.
B)As long as you and your friends are enjoying yourselves, you may think, it doesn't matter how you decide to pass the time. If only, life were as simple as partying, without worrying about any consequences.
C)As long as you and your friends are enjoying yourselves, you may think it doesn't matter how you decide to pass the time. If only life were as simple as partying without worrying about any consequences.
15

Which of one of the following editing choices correctly adds commas to sentences [9] and [10]? Show sentences again.
A)But it is not quite so simple. Even though drinking often goes along with having a good time from what I have witnessed it is not what it's cracked up to be.
B)But it is not quite so simple. Even though drinking often goes along with having a good time, from what I have witnessed it is not what it's cracked up to be.
C)But, it is not quite so simple. Even though drinking often goes along with having a good time, from what I have witnessed, it is not what it's cracked up to be.
16

Which of one of the following editing choices correctly adds commas to sentences [11] and [12]? Show sentences again.
A)To begin with, alcohol has been portrayed as something needed for a good time. Most commonly, you'll find a Bud lying here and there at a party and probably see one in someone's hand.
B)To begin with alcohol has been portrayed as something needed for a good time. Most commonly you'll find a Bud lying here and there at a party, and probably see one in someone's hand.
C)To begin with alcohol has been portrayed as something needed for a good time. Most commonly, you'll find a Bud lying here, and there, at a party, and probably see one in someone's hand.
17

Which of one of the following editing choices correctly adds commas to sentences [13] - [15]? Show sentences again.
A)I know some people, who make partying a part of their everyday lifestyles. If they don't have a beer, in their hands, it is as if their clothes have been stripped from their backs. After all, a party, supposedly, isn't a party without a cold beer.
B)I know some people who make partying a part of their everyday lifestyles. If they don't have a beer in their hands, it is as if their clothes have been stripped from their backs. After all, a party supposedly isn't a party without a cold beer.
C)I know some people who make partying a part of their everyday lifestyles. If they don't have a beer in their hands it is as if their clothes have been stripped from their backs. After all a party supposedly isn't a party without a cold beer.
18

Which of one of the following editing choices correctly adds commas to sentences [16] - [17]? Show sentences again.
A)Another myth, often associated with alcohol, is the supposed attraction of the opposite sex. The idea, a completely false one, is that, people become attractive merely by having a beer in their hand.
B)Another myth often associated with alcohol is the supposed attraction of the opposite sex. The idea a completely false one is that people become attractive merely by having a beer in their hand.
C)Another myth often associated with alcohol is the supposed attraction of the opposite sex. The idea, a completely false one, is that people become attractive merely by having a beer in their hand.
19

Which of one of the following editing choices correctly adds commas to sentence [18]? Show sentences again.
A)This idea goes along with another false notion which probably comes from advertising that drinkers are constantly surrounded by (other) beautiful people who are as interesting and interested as the drinker is.
B)This idea goes along with another false notion, which probably comes from advertising, that drinkers are constantly surrounded by (other) beautiful people who are as interesting and interested as the drinker is.
C)This idea goes along, with another false notion, which probably comes from advertising, that drinkers are constantly surrounded by (other) beautiful people, who are as interesting and interested, as the drinker is.
20

Which of one of the following editing choices correctly adds commas to sentence [19]? Show sentences again.
A)The reality however is that most of the time people are trying to avoid the drinkers especially the heavy drinkers because they are sometimes obnoxious and often difficult to hold a conversation with.
B)The reality however is that, most of the time, people are trying to avoid the drinkers, especially the heavy drinkers, because, they are sometimes obnoxious, and often difficult to hold a conversation with.
C)The reality, however, is that most of the time people are trying to avoid the drinkers, especially the heavy drinkers, because they are sometimes obnoxious and often difficult to hold a conversation with.
21

Which of one of the following editing choices correctly adds commas to sentence [20]? Show sentences again.
A)Some people may think they're cool if they drink, but if it takes alcohol to be cool and fit in, then something is seriously wrong.
B)Some people may think they're cool, if they drink, but, if it takes alcohol to be cool and fit in, then something is seriously wrong.
C)Some people may think they're cool if they drink but if it takes alcohol to be cool and fit in then something is seriously wrong.