Biology, Eighth Edition (Raven)

Chapter 23: Systematics and the Phylogenetic Revolution

Pre Test

1
Why is overall similarity between two taxa (e.g. species) not a good indication of the degree of evolutionary relationships and time of divergence from a common ancestor? (p .455)
A)because convergent evolution can occur
B)because evolutionary reversal of traits can occur
C)selection pressures may oscillate over time
D)a and b
E)all of the above
2
In cladistics, which type of characters are considered to accurately reflect the evolutionary relationship between taxa? (p. 455)
A)shared ancestral characters
B)all characters
C)shared derived characters
D)all ancestral characters
E)all derived characters
3
A monophyletic group: (p. 458)
A)includes all taxa in the lineage.
B)includes the most recent common ancestor of the group but not all its descendants.
C)does not include the most recent common ancestor of the group.
D)includes the most recent common ancestor of the group and all its descendants.
E)includes all the taxa that are the most similar.
4
Sieve tubes have evolved in Brown algae and angiosperms. This is an example of: (p. 462)
A)homozygosity.
B)homoplasy.
C)monophyly.
D)homology.
E)paraphyly.
5
Phylogenetic analysis has been applied to the evolution of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and it has been compared to the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The finding that different HIV strains exist, and are nested within SIV clades suggests that: (p. 467)
A)HIV and SIV are distantly related.
B)there have been multiple origins of HIV from SIV.
C)there was a single origin of HIV from SIV.
D)SIV evolved from an ancestral HIV strain.
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